The HERMES polarized 3He internal gas target

DeSchepper, D.; Kramer, L.; Pate, S. F.; Ackerstaff, K.; Carr, R.; Court, G.R.; Dvoredsky, A.; Gao, H.; Golendoukhin, A.; Hansen, J. O.; Holler, Y.; Jones, C. E.; Kelsey, Jim; Kinney, E.; Korsch, W.; Lee, K.; Martin, J. W.; McKeown, R. D.; Milner, R.; Niczyporuk, M.; Pitt, M. L.; Poolman, H. R.; Röper, G.; Shin, Taeho; Sowiński, J.; Steffens, E.; Stewart, J.; Stock, F.; Sutter, M.; Tallini, H.; Tipton, B.; vanBommel, R.; Wise, T.; Zapfe-Düren, K.

doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(98)00901-2

Cited by 26 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It is this property of the 3 He nucleus that yields its utility for studies of the spatial distribution of charge, magnetization, (Bernauer, 2012) and spin in the neutron. 3 He targets for nuclear and particle physics with charged particle and photon beams fall into four groups: 1) continuously polarized SEOP external targets for electron (Singh et al , 2015), photon (Ye et al , 2010), proton (Häusser et al , 1995; Katabuchi et al , 2005), and pion (Larson et al , 1991a) scattering, 2) MEOP external targets that are polarized remotely and transported to electron (Krimmer et al , 2009) and photon beam lines (Krimmer et al , 2011), 3) MEOP internal targets for electron storage rings (DeSchepper et al , 1998), and 4) continuously polarized MEOP external targets for electron scattering (Eckert et al , 1992; Jones et al , 1993). In addition, an MEOP-based polarized 3 He ion source is under development for RHIC 13 (Maxwell et al , 2014a).…”

Section: Charged Particle and Photon Scattering Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A Nd:LMA laser was used for optical pumping and the average 3 He polarization in the target was 46 % at a 3 He flow rate of 1.2 × 10 17 atoms/s. Soon thereafter, an internal target with a cryogenic target cell (DeSchepper et al , 1998; Korsch et al , 1997; Kramer et al , 1995a,b) was employed for spin-dependent deep inelastic scattering of 27.5 GeV polarized positrons at DESY 17 (Ackerstaff et al , 1997; DeSchepper, 1998). For an ultrapure aluminum target cell cooled to 25 K, the 3 He polarization was 46 % during the experiments.…”

Section: Charged Particle and Photon Scattering Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optically polarizedHe3

et al. 2017

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This article reviews the physics and technology of producing large quantities of highly spin-polarized 3He nuclei using spin-exchange (SEOP) and metastability-exchange (MEOP) optical pumping. Both technical developments and deeper understanding of the physical processes involved have led to substantial improvements in the capabilities of both methods. For SEOP, the use of spectrally narrowed lasers and K-Rb mixtures has substantially increased the achievable polarization and polarizing rate. For MEOP nearly lossless compression allows for rapid production of polarized 3He and operation in high magnetic fields has likewise significantly increased the pressure at which this method can be performed, and revealed new phenomena. Both methods have benefitted from development of storage methods that allow for spin-relaxation times of hundreds of hours, and specialized precision methods for polarimetry. SEOP and MEOP are now widely applied for spin-polarized targets, neutron spin filters, magnetic resonance imaging, and precision measurements.

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Section: Charged Particle and Photon Scattering Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Charged Particle and Photon Scattering Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optically polarizedHe3

et al. 2017

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“…In 1995, a 3 He target was used, where atoms became polarized through metastability-exchange optical pumping, giving an average polarization of 46%. [5] An Atomic Beam Source(ABS) used permanent sextupole magnets and radio-frequency units to select desired hyperfine states of X H in 1996 and 1997. This source continues to operate with polarized 2 H today.…”

Section: The Hermes Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Gliick parameterizations is necessary to achieve consistency in model assumptions. The HERMES data agrees with these parameterizations within uncertainties.…”

Section: Aq Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of nucleon spin structure at HERMES

Tipton¹

2000

AIP Conference Proceedings

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On behalf of the HERMES collaboration Abstract. The HERMES experiment studies the spin structure of the nucleon using polarized semi-inclusive deep-inelastic positron scattering and polarized quasi-real photoproduction. Previous analyses of nucleon spin structure combine inclusive deepinelastic scattering data and measured hyperon decay constants assuming SU(3)fl av or symmetry; asymmetries in the processes studied at HERMES may constrain nucleon spin structure more directly. Results are discussed for quark polarizations extracted from semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering asymmetries, for gluon polarization extracted from the asymmetry of high-p^ hadron pairs, and for the first observation of single-spin azimuthal asymmetries in pion production.

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“…At the 30 GeV electron ring of the HERA collider (DESY Hamburg), the HERMES H&D target [8] has been operated successfully during 1996-2005. In 1995, prior to the HERMES H&D 2 Advances in High Energy Physics target, a polarized 3 He target [9] has been used for the measurement of the neutron spin structure function. In the following, the design and performance of the HERMES H&D target which may be closest in design to the proposed LHC target are reviewed in Section 2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Gas Target Internal to the LHC for the Study of pp Single-Spin Asymmetries and Heavy Ion Collisions

Barschel

Steffens

Lenisa³

et al. 2015

Advances in High Energy Physics

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We discuss the application of an open storage cell as gas target for a proposed LHC fixed-target experiment AFTER@LHC. The target provides a high areal density at minimum gas input, which may be polarized1H,2H, or3He gas or heavy inert gases in a wide mass range. For the study of single-spin asymmetries in pp interaction, luminosities of nearly 1033/cm2 s can be produced with existing techniques.

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The HERMES polarized 3He internal gas target

Cited by 26 publications

References 25 publications

Optically polarizedHe3

Optically polarizedHe3

Studies of nucleon spin structure at HERMES

A Gas Target Internal to the LHC for the Study of pp Single-Spin Asymmetries and Heavy Ion Collisions

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