The Heritability of Resistance to Death in the Fowl

Lush, Jay L.; Lamoreux, W. F.; Hazel, L. N.

doi:10.3382/ps.0270375

Cited by 112 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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Section: Methods (I) Ecological Comparison Of Collection Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analysis of all-or-none traits has been examined by Wright (1933Wright ( , 1934, Lush et al (1948), Robertson and Lerner (1949), and Dempster and Lerner (1950), who assumed an underlying continuity with a threshold imposing discontinuity upon the phenotypic expression of the trait. Heritability is calculated from the percentage data (h) either by analysis of variance for binomial datathe procedure adopted here- (Lush et al, 1948), in which case h is r times the intraclass correlation coefficient, or from a 2 x .A chi-square analysis (Robertson and Lerner, 1949), in which case h is a function of the heterogeneity chi-squared in the 2 x X table. However, because on a percentage scale variances differ according to the mean, probit transformation is advised as it makes the genetic variance independent of the threshold value in the population: The genetic variance on the underlying scale = where is the mean incidence in the population, and is the height of the ordinate of the standard normal curve corresponding to the abscissa value which cuts off a tail of area i. Heritability on the probit scale is = o/(1 + o), which may be compared to additive heritability on the percentage scale by the relationship ha = (2 .…”

Section: Methods (I) Ecological Comparison Of Collection Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An ecological genetic analysis of the settling behaviour of a marine polychaete:

Mackay

Doyle

1978

Heredity

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SUMMARYThe settling behaviour of larvae of Spirorbis borealis from several ecologically contrasting environments was analysed in terms of means and genetic variances (the latter expressed as heritability) of two components-the probability of settling when presented with a particular substrate, and the gregarious behaviour of the larvae. Larval behaviour differed markedly according to the population from which they came: animals from a sheltered tidepool prefer Ascophyllum, and are distinctly gregarious, while those from a semi-exposed embayment settle much more readily on Fucus and are not as gregarious. Animals collected from an environmental dine ranging in conditions from tidepool-like to embayment-like exhibit a corresponding range in behaviour. This interpopulation variation in character means is interpretable in terms of adaptation to differential selection pressures known to be acting on the populations; consideration of intra-population genetic variances gives an indication of the mechanism of the adaptation.

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Section: Methods (I) Ecological Comparison Of Collection Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methods (I) Ecological Comparison Of Collection Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ecological genetic analysis of the settling behaviour of a marine polychaete:

Mackay

Doyle

1978

Heredity

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“…data. Lush et aL (1948) and Robertson and Lerner (1949) proposed an analysis of variance technique for the analysis of such data. Estimates of heritability obtained in this way can be converted onto a t Present address: Northern Pig Development Company, Manor House, Beeford,Driffield,North Humberside.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of genetic parameters for skeletal defects in broiler chickens

Mercer

Hill

1984

Heredity

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SUMMARYAnalysis of variance and praband methods for estimating heritabilities and genetic correlations in low incidence, binomially distributed traits are compared using a computer simulation. It is concluded that reliable but conservative results are obtained by the praband method for heritabilities while analysis of variance techniques are more appropriate for estimating genetic correlations. These results apply providing that the incidences involved are not much less than 001, and that the true genetic correlation is not very small.These methods are then applied to pedigree broiler data, including information on live-weight and various skeletal defects. It appears that all the defects considered are heritable, that leg problems have positive genetic correlations with weight, and that it is reasonable to group abnormalities together for the purposes of selection.

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“…The hypothesis of a continuous, normal underlying genetic distribution (threshold character: Lush et al 1948;Robertson and Lerner 1949) does not apply directly to the genetic mechanisms underlying general viability where each cause of death can be considered a separate trait. The analysis here assumes that viability is under partial genetic control (genetic tolerance or susceptibility) and further that concepts such as genetic additivity and non-additivity do apply, but cannot be interpreted in the normal sense as for a trait such as body weight.…”

Section: Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-regulated expression of genetic and environmental variation in fitness traits. 2. Genetic effects and variances for viability among crosses from a factorial mating of six selected Leghorn strains

Fairfull¹,

Gowe²

1999

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Age-regulated expression of genetic and environmental variation in fitness traits. 2. Genetic effects and variances for viability among crosses from a factorial mating of six selected Leghorn strains. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 79: 269-276. White Leghorn strains were crossed reciprocally in a complete factorial mating producing 6 pure strains and 30 strain-crosses, which were kept for two laying cycles: 133-496 d of age and 547-909 d. Hens were housed for lay individually in four two-tiered batteries of cages. Strain additive effects (A i ), strain sex-linked effects (Z i ), strain-cross heterotic effects (h ij ) and residual effects were calculated using regression. Viability was high in the first cycle of egg production with only 1 to 3% mortality in each of the four 11-wk periods, but lower in the second cycle decreasing with age. There was significant variation among strains in additive autosomal and sex-linked genetic effects and strain-cross heterotic effects, which increased with age in the second cycle. Heterosis for viability was positive in some strain-crosses and negative in others with considerable changes with age. The magnitude of heterotic effects was generally greater than the magnitude of additive or sex-linked genetic effects for viability. These results imply that different genotypes mount subtly different genetic responses to the problems of viability with advancing age and that more than one theory of ageing could apply. The results are discussed in relation to the theoretical aspects of ageing genetics.Key words: Ageing, fitness, viability, genetic effects, genetic variation, environmental variation Fairfull, R. W., Liljedahl, L.-E., et Gowe, R. S. 1999. Expression en fonction de l'âge des variations génétiques et environnementales des caractères de durabilité des performances des poules de ponte. 2. Effets et variances génétiques sur la longévité chez des croisements obtenus par accouplements factoriels entre 6 souches sélectionnées de poules White Leghorn. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 79: 269-276. Des croisements réciproques ont été réalisés entre 6 souches de poules White Leghorn selon un protocole d'accouplements factoriel complet. Les poules des 6 souches parentales et des 30 croisements de souche obtenus étaient gardées pour deux cycles de ponte, soit de 133 à 496 j. d'âge et de 547 à 909 jours. Les poules étaient logées en cages individuelles dans quatre batteries à deux étages. Nous avons calculé par régression les effets additifs de souche (A i ), les effets de souche liée au sexe (Z i ), les effets hétérotiques de croisement de souche (h ij ) et les effets résiduels. Le niveau de longévité était élevé dans le premier cycle de ponte avec seulement 1 à 3 % de mortalité dans chacune des périodes de 11 semaines, mais plus élevé encore dans les débuts du deuxième cycle, pour diminuer ensuite en fonction du vieillissement. On constatait des variations significatives parmi les souches quant aux effets de souche (additifs et liés au sexe) et aux effets hétérotiques des croisements de souche, les variations...

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The Heritability of Resistance to Death in the Fowl

Cited by 112 publications

References 8 publications

An ecological genetic analysis of the settling behaviour of a marine polychaete:

An ecological genetic analysis of the settling behaviour of a marine polychaete:

Estimation of genetic parameters for skeletal defects in broiler chickens

Age-regulated expression of genetic and environmental variation in fitness traits. 2. Genetic effects and variances for viability among crosses from a factorial mating of six selected Leghorn strains

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