The Herbicide Dicamba (2-Methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoic Acid) Is a Peroxisome Proliferator in Rats

Espandiari, Parvaneh; Thomas, Veena A.; Glauert, Howard P.; O’Brien, Michelle L.; Robertson, Larry W.

doi:10.1006/faat.1995.1077

Cited by 31 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The livers were excised immediately, and a portion from each liver was frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80°C. Another portion of the liver was used for the preparation of microsomes, as previously described [25].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also included in the reaction mixture was an NADPH‐regenerating system, pH 7.4, containing 1.0 mM NADP+, 5.0 mM glucose‐6‐phosphate, 1 unit/mL glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, and 3.0 mM magnesium chloride. The reaction was stopped with high‐performace liquid chromatography–grade methanol and measured against a resorufin standard curve with a Shimadzu RF‐5301PC spectrofluorophotometer (Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Inc. Columbia, MD) with an excitation of 589 nm and an emission of 556 nm [25].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2,4,4′‐trichlorobiphenyl increases STAT5 transcriptional activity

Oakley

Roe

Blouin

et al. 2001

Molecular Carcinogenesis

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The promoting effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been studied extensively in a variety of two-stage carcinogenesis models. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the promotion effects of PCBs have not been elucidated. We measured the effect of PCBs on DNA-binding proteins involved in cell proliferation and transformation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, or hexachlorobiphenyls (300 micromol/kg/d) each day for 4 d and killed 4 h after the last injection. To detect alterations in nuclear proteins that could explain the tumor-promoter activity of PCBs, liver nuclear extracts were analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay analysis of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)-binding activity to a consensus gamma-interferon-activated sequence (GAS) element was compared in liver nuclear extracts from treated rats. STAT-binding activity was eightfold to tenfold higher in nuclear extracts from animals treated with 2,4,4'-trichloro- (PCB 28) and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 153). Analysis of the protein complex binding to the GAS element, with antibodies specific for STAT3, STAT5, and STAT6, indicated that the protein complex was made up of STAT5 and STAT6 proteins. HepG2 cells transiently transfected with a luciferase reporter gene construct containing many STAT5 binding sites were treated with PCB 28 and PCB 153. PCB 28 stimulated a greater than 25-fold increase in luciferase activity at the highest concentration tested, 1.0 microg/mL. However, enhanced luciferase activity did not occur with PCB 153 treatment. 4-Chlorobiphenyl (PCB 3), PCB 28, and PCB 153 treatment of Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in a large increase in protein binding to a consensus activated protein-1 (AP-1) element. However, 3,4-dichlorobiphenyl (PCB 12) and 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB 77) treatments did not increase AP-1 transcription activity. Further analysis of the proteins binding to the AP-1 consensus sequence with antibodies specific for c-fos, junD, and junB indicated that the protein composition consists of junD proteins. These data showed functional differences between noncoplanar and coplanar PCBs with respect to STAT activation and AP-1-DNA binding.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

2,4,4′‐trichlorobiphenyl increases STAT5 transcriptional activity

Oakley

Roe

Blouin

et al. 2001

Molecular Carcinogenesis

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“…Other genotoxic effects such as cellular damage were observed in Chinese hamster ovary cells in a concentration of 500 µg•mL −1 of dicamba and Banvel [123]. Hepatic changes with upregulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor were observed in concentrations of 1% dietary dicamba in both female and male rats, and with lower concentrations up to 0.1% no significant effect was observed [124]. A potential of endocrine disruption such as spermatogenesis inhibition or increased and decreased sex hormone levels was observed on Gobiocypris rarus in environmentally relevant concentrations up to 50 µg•L −1 [57].…”

Section: Crustacea Bioassay Testmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Influence of Herbicides to Marine Organisms Aliivibrio fischeri and Artemia salina

Vurm

Tajnaiová

Kofroňová

2021

Toxics

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The aim of this work was to determine the toxic effect of the most used herbicides on marine organisms, the bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri, and the crustacean Artemia salina. The effect of these substances was evaluated using a luminescent bacterial test and an ecotoxicity test. The results showed that half maximal inhibitory concentration for A. fischeri is as follows: 15minIC50 (Roundup® Classic Pro) = 236 µg.l−1, 15minIC50 (Kaput® Premium) = 2475 µg.l−1, 15minIC50 (Banvel® 480 S) = 2637 µg.l−1, 15minIC50 (Lontrel 300) = 7596 µg.l−1, 15minIC50 (Finalsan®) = 64 µg.l−1, 15minIC50 (glyphosate) = 7934 µg.l−1, 15minIC50 (dicamba) = 15,937 µg.l−1, 15minIC50 (clopyralid) = 10,417 µg.l−1, 15minIC50 (nonanoic acid) = 16,040 µg.l−1. Median lethal concentrations for A. salina were determined as follows: LC50 (Roundup® Classic Pro) = 18 µg.l−1, LC50 (Kaput® Premium) = 19 µg.l−1, LC50 (Banvel® 480 S) = 2519 µg.l−1, LC50 (Lontrel 300) = 1796 µg.l−1, LC50 (Finalsan®) = 100 µg.l−1, LC50 (glyphosate) = 811 µg.l−1, LC50 (dicamba) = 3705 µg.l−1, LC50 (clopyralid) = 2800 µg.l−1, LC50 (nonanoic acid) = 7493 µg.l−1. These findings indicate the need to monitor the herbicides used for all environmental compartments.

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“…Microsomes were prepared in our laboratory from the liver of 6-week old (150–174 g) male Sprague-Dawley rats (Indianapolis, IN) treated with β-naphthoflavone by intraperitoneal injection (80 mg/kg body weight) daily for 4 days. After treatment, livers were isolated and perfused in situ , and microsomes were isolated as described by Espandiari et al [17]. CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1 supersomes were purchased from BD Biosciences (San Diego, CA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of phytochemical intervention on dibenzo[a,l]pyrene-induced DNA adduct formation

Gupta

Vadhanam

2015

Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutag

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Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DBP) has been found to be the most potent carcinogen of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Primary sources for DBP in the environment are combustion of wood and coal burning, gasoline and diesel exhaust, and tires. Given the likelihood of environmental exposure to DBP and strong experimental evidence of its potency, it is likely to contribute to lung cancer development. Intervention with compounds of natural origin (“phytochemicals”) is considered an effective means to prevent cancer development and favorably modulate the underlying mechanisms, including DNA adduct formation. In this study, several agents have been identified that inhibit environmental carcinogen-induced DNA adduct formation using a cell-free microsomal system. Of the ten agents tested, resveratrol (648 ± 26 adducts/109 nucleotides), oltipraz (1007 ± 348 adducts/109 nucleotides), delphinidin (1252 ± 142 adducts/109 nucleotides), tanshinone I (1981 ± 213 adducts/109 nucleotides), tanshinone IIA (2606 ± 478 adducts/109 nucleotides) and diindoylmethane (3643 ± 469 adducts/109 nucleotides) were the most effective compared to vehicle treatment (14,062 ± 1097 adducts/109 nucleotides). DBP is metabolized by phase I metabolizing enzymes CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1. DBP-induced DNA adducts can be inhibited by several mechanisms. We found that all the test agents inhibited DNA adducts by inhibiting one or more of these enzymes. Oltipraz inhibited DNA adducts entirely by inhibiting the CYP450s, while resveratrol and delphinidin inhibited DNA adducts by also interacting directly with the carcinogenic metabolite, anti-dibenzo(a,l)pyrene-11,12-dihydrodiol-13,14-epoxide.

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The Herbicide Dicamba (2-Methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoic Acid) Is a Peroxisome Proliferator in Rats

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

2,4,4′‐trichlorobiphenyl increases STAT5 transcriptional activity

2,4,4′‐trichlorobiphenyl increases STAT5 transcriptional activity

The Influence of Herbicides to Marine Organisms Aliivibrio fischeri and Artemia salina

Effect of phytochemical intervention on dibenzo[a,l]pyrene-induced DNA adduct formation

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