The hepatic and duodenal activities of some drug metabolizing enzymes in chickens: influence of infection withEscherichia coli endotoxin and coccidiosis

Abstract

The activities of the drug metabolizing enzymes aminopyrine-N-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase and UDP-glucuronyl transferase, together with protein concentration, were measured in liver microsomes and duodenal mucosa from healthy chickens and chickens experimentally infected with Escherichia coli endotoxin, or naturally infected with Eimeria necatrix and Eimeria tenella (clinically classified as slight, moderate or severe infections). E. coli (2 mg/kg, 3 days) and severe coccidiosis significantly decreased the activities of the three enzymes in the liver and duodenum. However, infection by the E. coli endotoxin at lower doses (0.5 and 1 mg/kg, 3 days) and moderate or slight coccidial infections had no significant effect on the activities of these enzymes. Neither E. coli nor coccidial infections significantly affected the liver/body weight ratio. However, infection with the E. coli endotoxin (2 mg/kg, 3 days) and the moderate or severe coccidial infections significantly reduced microsomal protein concentration in the liver.

Influence of Escherichia coli endotoxin‐induced fever on the pharmacokinetic behavior of marbofloxacin after intravenous administration in goats

“…This delay in the elimination of the drug could be the result of renal and/or hepatic modifications caused by the toxin. Endotoxin reduces the content and the activity of hepatic microsomal proteins of cythocrome p‐450 which metabolize drugs (Van Miert, 1990; Ali, 1997; Hasegawa et al ., 1999). Endotoxin is likely to impair the excretion process of organic anions at the stage of transport from intracellular storage to bile via the canalicular membrane.…”

Effect of induced pyrexia on the disposition kinetics of ciprofloxacin in dogs

“…Although, this decrease was statistically non significant, yet this delay in the elimination of the drug could be the result of renal and hepatic modifications caused by endotoxin. Endotoxins reduce the activity and content of hepatic microsomal proteins of cytochrome p-450 which metabolize the drugs (Ali 1997;Hasegawa et al 1999). Furthermore, endotoxin is likely to impair the excretion of organic anions at the stage of transport from intracellular storage to bile via the canalicular membrane (Hasegawa et al 1999).…”

Improvement in the Immunity- and Vitamin D3-Activity-Related Gene Expression of Coccidiosis-Challenged Ross 708 Broilers in Response to the In Ovo Injection of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3

“…It is well-documented that hydroxylation in the liver is reduced when chickens are subjected to stressful conditions [ 50 ], mycotoxicosis [ 51 ], and E-coli infections [ 52 ]. Additionally, hydroxylation in the liver is decreased during severe coccidiosis infections [ 53 ]. Thus, these results indicate that the intestinal absorption of D 3 and its functionality may be reduced during a coccidiosis infection, which may subsequently lead to the additional use of supplemental dietary D 3 or other D 3 sources, such as 25OHD 3 to support of vitamin D function.…”