The Henkel Petrophysical Plot: Mineralogy and Lithology from Physical Properties

Enkin, R J; Hamilton, T. S.; Morris, William A.

doi:10.1002/essoar.10501123.1

Cited by 5 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 74 publications

(110 reference statements)

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“…Enkin et al . (2019) used a Henkel plot to show that density and magnetic susceptibility variations are linked to geological events by volume concentrations of three primary mineral groups: quartz–feldspar–calcite (QFC), ferromagnesian silicates (FM) and magnetite (M). Applying the plot to Santa Maria samples (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrophysics applied in mineralizations, hydrothermal alterations and lithology mapping: A case study from the Zn–Pb (Cu–Ag) epithermal deposit of Santa Maria, Brazil

Araújo

Silva

Barbosa

et al. 2022

Geophysical Prospecting

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The epithermal Zn–Pb (Cu–Ag) deposit of Santa Maria represents a distal magmatic‐hydrothermal system, whose mineralizations are controlled by fault systems located in the sedimentary units of the upper Camaquã Basin, above the tectonic units of the Sul‐Riograndense Shield. The hydrothermal alteration zones contain illite, chlorite and pyrite, besides galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite and bornite. To improve the knowledge of this mineral system, this work investigated the petrophysical footprints of samples representing the predominant lithology, altered rocks and hydrothermal mineralization. The core samples of the predominant lithology, altered rocks and hydrothermal deposit mineralizations were used to determine the following petrophysical properties, density, magnetic susceptibility, primary wave velocity, resistivity, conductivity and chargeability. Moreover, the quantitative evaluation of minerals by scanning electron microscopy coupled with an automated image analysis system allowed us to map lithological and alteration processes. The results indicate density as the most effective physical property to map lithology, hydrothermal alteration and the Zn–Pb (Cu–Au) mineralization. Furthermore, all studied physical properties have moderate effectiveness in the alteration zones of known geological and geophysical anomalies in the Santa Maria deposit. Chargeability could be used, especially when sulphides are disseminated, but additional geological factors complicate its interpretation. The mineralogical and petrophysical diversity of the Santa Maria deposit provided vital data for geological–geophysical interpretations while allowing the creation of a key exploration plan to investigate the Zn–Pb (Cu–Au) mineralization. Finally, petrophysics should be used in prospection to help understand complex geological processes, their overlapping subpopulations and to accelerate mineral research while reducing the use of technical and financial resources and expenditure on ineffective geophysical methodologies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrophysics applied in mineralizations, hydrothermal alterations and lithology mapping: A case study from the Zn–Pb (Cu–Ag) epithermal deposit of Santa Maria, Brazil

Araújo

Silva

Barbosa

et al. 2022

Geophysical Prospecting

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“…Measurements at PPL were done on a 2.5 cm diameter core of unweathered material using the methodology and instrumentation as described in Enkin et al. (2020). Comparison of physical property results from EOAS‐UBC and GSC‐P show a near 1:1 linear relationship with an R 2 of 0.92 for density (Figure ) and a near‐linear relationship of log (magnetic susceptibility) with an R 2 of 0.97.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We follow the methods outlined in Enkin et al. (2020), in which the relationship between physical properties and mineral abundances were used as a forward model to calibrate the Henkel plot (Figure 10) and then to inverse model the mineralogy based on physical properties. In this approach, minerals with similar physical properties and that behave in a similar way are grouped together into mineral endmembers and mixing lines with volumetric proportions are calibrated.…”

Section: Identifying Ultramafic Carbon Sinks Using Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the same framework as in Enkin et al. (2020), for the serpentinite model we have three relationships with three unknowns:

\begin{array}{l} UM badbreak+ SB badbreak+ normalM badbreak= 1 \\ (UM× d_{UM}) + (SB× d_{SB}) + (M \times d_{normalM}) = d \\ (UM× K_{UM}) + (SB× K_{SB}) + (M \times K_{normalM}) = K \end{array}

where d = density K = magnetic susceptibility, and UM, SB, and M, refer to the volumetric mineral abundances of ultramafic minerals, serpentine + brucite, and magnetite. These are combined as follows:

(\begin{array}{l} left & 1 & 1 & 1 \\ left & d_{UM} & d_{SB} & d_{M} \\ left & K_{UM} & K_{SB} & K \end{array}) (\begin{matrix} left \\ left UM \\ left SB \\ left M \end{matrix}) = (\begin{matrix} left \\ left 1 \\ left d \\ left K \end{matrix})

…”

Section: Identifying Ultramafic Carbon Sinks Using Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serpentinization and carbonation reactions result in changes in the physical properties of ultramafic rocks, particularly density and magnetic susceptibility (e.g., Li et al., 2020; Maffione et al., 2014; Oufi et al., 2002; Toft et al., 1990); density is directly related to the volume‐integrated density of the rock's mineralogy, whereas magnetic susceptibility is related to the concentration, distribution, and size of ferro‐magnetic minerals—primarily magnetite (Enkin et al., 2020; Tauxe, 2010). Pristine ophiolitic ultramafic rocks should have density and magnetic susceptibility values similar to those of olivine and pyroxene (3.10–3.30 g/cm 3 and ∼1 × 10 −3 SI, respectively).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deducing Mineralogy of Serpentinized and Carbonated Ultramafic Rocks Using Physical Properties With Implications for Carbon Sequestration and Subduction Zone Dynamics

Cutts

Steinthorsdottir

Turvey

et al. 2021

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Ultramafic rocks comprise the largest volumetric portion of the oceanic lithosphere and their alteration is a fundamentally important geologic process on Earth. The high fluid flow associated with serpentinization alters the physio-chemical properties of the oceanic lithosphere, by weakening and allowing it to flex and subduct more easily, and so contribute to delivering volatiles into the mantle wedge and magmatic arcs (e.g.,

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Petrophysical target characterization with lithogeochemical clustering: the Metsämonttu Zn–Pb–Cu deposit, southern Finland

Leväniemi

Hokka

2021

Near Surface Geophysics

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In mineral exploration, reliable and comprehensive petrophysical groundwork helps evaluate the success rate of applying geophysical methods to the target and thus improves the quality of decision-making related to geophysical surveys. Petrophysical data for potential field exploration can be efficiently collected from drill cores together with portable XRF data that provide insight into rock compositions. We acquired and analysed a multi-parameter portable-instrument drill core data set (2036 samples) with portable XRF, magnetic susceptibility and density measurements from the Metsämonttu Zn-Pb-Cu deposit, one of the base metal deposits in the Orijärvi Belt, southern Finland, with little post-mining exploration during the last 50 years. Our study applied a machine learning technique (Gaussian Mixture Model clustering) to the portable XRF data to provide a pseudo-lithological reclassification of the drill cores and used this as a basis for characterization of the deposit in petrophysical terms. We also used thermomagnetic measurements to inspect the magnetic mineralogy of the drill cores. Finally, we estimated the success of using potential field methods (magnetic and gravity) for brownfield exploration of analogous deposits in the area. With the portable XRF data clustering we were able to distinguish between barren mafic and felsic volcanic rocks, altered rocks and three different ore mineral enriched rock types. The petrophysical measurement data and thermomagnetic results were combined with the clusters to define the petrophysical characteristics for future mineral exploration with potential field methods. At Metsämonttu, the highest densities are related to the ore and iron sulphide-bearing rocks. High natural remanent magnetization intensities are related to the iron sulphide-bearing ore, and remanent magnetization is a significant magnetic anomaly source. Based on synthetic modelling results, both magnetic and gravimetric data could be used in direct exploration in the Metsämonttu area.

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The Henkel Petrophysical Plot: Mineralogy and Lithology from Physical Properties

Cited by 5 publications

References 74 publications

Petrophysics applied in mineralizations, hydrothermal alterations and lithology mapping: A case study from the Zn–Pb (Cu–Ag) epithermal deposit of Santa Maria, Brazil

Petrophysics applied in mineralizations, hydrothermal alterations and lithology mapping: A case study from the Zn–Pb (Cu–Ag) epithermal deposit of Santa Maria, Brazil

Deducing Mineralogy of Serpentinized and Carbonated Ultramafic Rocks Using Physical Properties With Implications for Carbon Sequestration and Subduction Zone Dynamics

Petrophysical target characterization with lithogeochemical clustering: the Metsämonttu Zn–Pb–Cu deposit, southern Finland

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