The heat treatment effects on the structure and wear behavior of pulse electroforming Ni–P alloy coatings

Hou, Kung-Hsu; Jeng, Ming-Chang; Ger, Ming-Der

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.07.120

Cited by 48 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The increased hardness of the Ni-15.9 atom % P alloy film is attributed to the precipitation of the Ni 3 P phase in that film. These results agree with those reported by Hou et al 5 and Bai and Hu. 9 The increased hardness of the Ni-29.0 atom % P alloy composite film is attributed to a difference between the hardness of the composite film with phosphorus particles and that of Ni 12 P 5 .…”

supporting

confidence: 94%

“…These results agree with those reported by Hou et al 5 and Bai and Hu. 9 The increased hardness of the Ni-29.0 atom % P alloy composite film is attributed to a difference between the hardness of the composite film with phosphorus particles and that of Ni 12 P 5 . Both before and after heat-treatment, the hardnesses of the Ni-29.0 atom % P alloy composite films were lower than that of the Ni-15.9 atom % P alloy film.…”

supporting

confidence: 94%

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Phosphorus Particle Composite Plating with Ni–P Alloy Matrix

Suzuki

Arai

Shohji

et al. 2009

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Ni-P alloy films containing phosphorus particles ͑called "Ni-P alloy composite films"͒ were fabricated by electrodeposition and were subsequently subjected to heat-treatment. Their compositions and microstructures were characterized, and their friction properties were evaluated using a ball-on-plate method. Composite electroplating in the nickel sulfate and chloride bath containing phosphorus acid and micrometer-sized phosphorus particles resulted in the Ni-P alloy coating with enhanced deposit phosphorus content. The phosphorus content of the films increased with increasing phosphorus particle concentration in the composite plating baths, reaching a maximum value of 29.0 atom %. The phosphorus particles were homogeneously distributed in this Ni-29.0 atom % P alloy composite film. Heat-treatment converted the phases of the alloy composite films from an amorphous phase to stable crystalline phases, which are the same as those in the Ni-P binary alloy phase diagram. The friction coefficients of the Ni-P alloy films increased with increasing cycle number, whereas those of the Ni-P alloy composite films remained relatively constant. The alloy composite films had lower friction coefficients than the Ni-P alloy films both before and after heat-treatment. These results indicate that phosphorus particles are beneficial for maintaining a lower and stable friction coefficient during the ball-on-plate reciprocating friction test. Ni-P alloy plating has been extensively used in the industry because it confers good physical and chemical properties, including high hardness and high wear and corrosion resistances. Ni-P alloy films are conventionally fabricated by electroplating and electroless plating.1-8 Most reports discuss alloy films with phosphorus contents less than 25 atom %, which have stable phases of Ni and Ni 3 P according to the Ni-P binary phase diagram. However, the phase diagram indicates that Ni 12 P 5 and other crystalline phases are stable when the phosphorus content of Ni-P alloys exceeds 25 atom %. Although some reports have discussed the microtexture of Ni-P alloy films with phosphorus contents of over 25 atom %, 6-9 the existence of Ni 12 P 5 or other phosphorus-rich nickel-phosphorus compounds has never been reported.Comparison of the microstructures and characteristics of Ni-P alloy films having phosphorus contents greater than 25 atom % with those of alloy films having phosphorus contents under 25 atom % is interesting from both academic and practical viewpoints. We initially fabricated Ni-P alloy films using a conventional electroplating method; however, the maximum phosphorus content that could be achieved by this method was less than 25 atom %.In the present study, to fabricate Ni-P alloy films with phosphorus contents greater than 25 atom %, we used a composite plating method in which phosphorus particles are incorporated into Ni-P alloy films ͑Ni-P alloy composite plating͒. We also analyzed the microstructures of the composite films and evaluated their friction properties both before and after hea...

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supporting

confidence: 94%

supporting

confidence: 94%

Phosphorus Particle Composite Plating with Ni–P Alloy Matrix

Suzuki

Arai

Shohji

et al. 2009

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…or a second metal element such as copper, tungsten, cobalt, or molybdenum into the coating (Ref [10][11][12]. In earlier studies, it is concluded that this change in structure causes an increase in hardness and wear resistance because of the formation of grains and hard precipitations (Ref [13][14][15]. Adding refractory metal molybdenum in the Ni-P coatings improved functional properties like thermal stability and preventing crystallization of amorphous structure by increasing crystallization transformation temperature (Ref [16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Corrosion Resistance of Electroless Ni-B-Mo Coatings

Serin

Gökşenli

Yüksel

et al. 2015

J. of Materi Eng and Perform

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The Ni-B-Mo coating on steel by electroless plating and the evaluation of the morphology and corrosion performance after applying heat treatments at different temperatures for 1 h were investigated in this study. The 25-lm-thick coating was uniform and adhesion between the substrate and the coating was good. The coating consisted of an amorphous-like structure in their as-plated condition, and after annealing at 400°C for 1 h, crystallized nickel, nickel borides, and molybdenum carbide were formed. Immersion tests in 10% HCl solution and potentiodynamic polarization measurements in 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution were applied to investigate corrosion resistance. The corrosion performance of heat-treated coatings was compared with steel and the as-plated coating. By increasing the annealing temperature, corrosion potential shifted toward a noble direction, corrosion current density decreased and the weight loss of specimens decreased, demonstrating an increase in corrosion resistance. Best corrosion performance was achieved by the coating heat treated at 550°C .

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“…Some other researches about Ni-P alloys or composites coating were also carried out and most of these studies were realized by using electroless technique. However, the electroless technique is unsuitable for depositing thick films [7], and it is not suitable to be used in strengthening the surface of large parts due to the limitation of coating bath. By contrast, electro-brush plating technology is an effective way to strengthen or repair the surface of mechanical parts [8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hou et al [7] suggested that the wear resistance of 400°C heat-treated coating could be increased up to being about 2.5 times as large as that of as-plated coatings. Yan et al [12] reported that, with the phosphorus content increasing, the electroless Ni-P coating structure transformed from crystalline to a mixture of nanocrystalline and amorphous phases and finally to full amorphous phase; then, the wear resistance of electroless Ni-P coating was greatly improved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-temperature tribological properties of Ni-P alloy coatings deposited by electro-brush plating

Qian

Wang

et al. 2011

Rare Metals

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High-temperature tribological properties of Ni-P alloy coatings processed by electro-brush plating on 20CrMo steel have been investigated. A ball-on-disc configuration was employed and 4 mm diameter Si 3 N 4 balls were used as static counterpart. All the wear tests were carried out at 450°C for 180 min without lubricants. The electro-brush plating Ni-P coating is amorphous in as-deposited condition, and it becomes polycrystalline with the formation of Ni and Ni 3 P after heat treatment at 450°C for 1 h. The friction coefficient of the Ni-P coating is just 50% of that of the 20CrMo steel at the friction temperature of 450°C. A mild adhesive wear mechanism was found for the electro-brush plating Ni-P coating tested at 450°C, whereas for the 20CrMo steel at the same temperature a mixed adhesive and abrasive wear mechanism was observed.

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The heat treatment effects on the structure and wear behavior of pulse electroforming Ni–P alloy coatings

Cited by 48 publications

References 19 publications

Phosphorus Particle Composite Plating with Ni–P Alloy Matrix

Phosphorus Particle Composite Plating with Ni–P Alloy Matrix

Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Corrosion Resistance of Electroless Ni-B-Mo Coatings

High-temperature tribological properties of Ni-P alloy coatings deposited by electro-brush plating

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