The Heart Rhythm Society (HRS)/American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Expert Consensus Statement on the Perioperative Management of Patients with Implantable Defibrillators, Pacemakers and Arrhythmia Monitors: Facilities and Patient Management: Executive Summary

Perioperative fellowship curricula in anesthesiology: a systematic review

“…In Canada for example, topics such as perioperative management of diabetes mellitus, [34][35][36][37][38][39] obstructive sleep apnea, 22,[40][41][42] pacemakers and automated implantable cardioverter defibrillators (AICDs), [43][44][45] anticoagulation, 46,47 and fluid management 48,49 are covered under the national curriculum during residency to ensure all anesthesiologists are qualified to manage these common conditions and situations. 50 Nevertheless, other more specialized areas demand fellowship training, such as focused cardiac ultrasound to manage hemodynamic instability, administrative management skills, complex sleep disordered breathing, advanced preoperative patient counselling, and roles similar to hospitalists.…”

Management of Patients With Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices in Dental, Oral, and Maxillofacial Surgery

“…4 Additionally, ICDs respond not only to rhythm analysis, but also to prolonged or sustained high cardiac rates that fulfill defibrillation criteria ( Figure 3). 10 When an ICD detects sustained periods of VT or VF, the device charges capacitors and discharges via the right ventricular lead to the device itself (''hot can''where the generation unit is a conductor) or to other leads. Analysis recurs and persistent arrhythmias are treated repeatedly with shocks.…”

Preoperative Identification, Evaluation, and Optimization of the Highest Risk Patients

“…14 Pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) can be affected by electromagnetic interference. 15 Consultation with the manufacturer or cardiologist may be needed. Patients usually have a card with important Figure 2.…”

“…If a pacemaker or ICD is reprogrammed, or if a magnet is used, the device must be reinterrogated and reenabled before the patient leaves a monitored setting. 15 …”