“…Lacking a theoretical framework, the majority of the studies included in our review were based on a description of the stigmatic attitudes associated with hearing loss and hearing aids (Cienkowski & Pimentel, 2001;Doggett, Stein, & Gans, 1998;Foss, 2014;Gleitman, Goldstein, & Binnie, 1993;Hindhede, 2012;Johnson, Danhauer, & Edwards, 1982;Kelly-Campbell & Plexico, 2012;Kochkin, 1990Kochkin, , 1993Mulac, Danhauer, & Johnson, 1983;Southall, Jennings, & Gagne, 2011;Wallhagen, 2010), and they related almost exclusively to the cognitive aspect of stigma, that is, they described only the stereotypes associated with hearing loss and hearing aids. The most common stereotype associated with hearing aids was "old age" (e.g., hearing aids are for old people, make you look older; Cienkowski & Pimentel, 2001;Gleitman et al, 1993;Hindhede, 2012;Johnson et al, 1982;Kelly-Campbell & Plexico, 2012;Kochkin, 1990Kochkin, , 1993Mulac et al, 1983;Wallhagen, 2010). Other stereotypes reported in the studies included "less communicatively effective when wearing hearing aids" (Johnson et al, 1982;Mulac et al, 1983;Southall et al, 2011), "being deaf" (Hetu, 1996;Hindhede, 2012) "less sociable/friendly" (Doggett et al, 1998;Hindhede, 2012), "looking disabled," "weak," "feeble" (Kochkin, 1993), "comical," "embarrassing," "lonely," and "less confident" (Doggett et al, 1998).…”