The health transition and biological living standards: Adult height and mortality in 20th-century Spain

Spijker, Jeroen; Cámara, Antonio D.; Blanes, Amand

doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2011.08.001

Cited by 37 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…All of these individuals come from middle social‐economic class, showing the boys of 18 years of age a mean height of 177.5 cm and the girls a mean height of 164.3 cm. These values correspond to the expected male and female adult mean height in current living Spanish population: 174.20 cm (SD: 7.08) for males and 162.09 cm (SD: 6.37) for females (Spijker et al, ).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Therefore, an increase in the accuracy and reliability of the ageing methods is urgent in the field of Forensic Anthropology. This becomes even more evident considering the noticeable height increase (10 cm) seen in Spain in the second half of the 20th century as a result of improved living conditions (Spijker et al, ). Moreover, the need for studies on skeletal development based on different populations becomes more important when we take into account their broad relevance in biological anthropology and human evolution.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ontogeny of the male femur: Geometric morphometric analysis applied to a contemporary Spanish population

Pujol

Rissech

Ventura

et al. 2015

American J Phys Anthropol

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 80%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogeny of the male femur: Geometric morphometric analysis applied to a contemporary Spanish population

Pujol

Rissech

Ventura

et al. 2015

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…It is followed by a significantly higher risk of developing chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. The prevalence of these diseases, commonly related to Metabolic Syndrome, has overtaken malnutrition and infectious diseases, contributing to morbidity, across the world [1]. The rapid increase in obesity is found to be linked more to lifestyle changes in the population, produced by the consumption of hypercaloric diets, rich in fats and simple sugars, and a sedentary lifestyle, than to genetic factors [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The addition of whole soy flour to cafeteria diet reduces metabolic risk markers in wistar rats

et al. 2013

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BackgroundSoybean is termed a functional food because it contains bioactive compounds. However, its effects are not well known under unbalanced diet conditions. This work is aimed at evaluating the effect of adding whole soy flour to a cafeteria diet on intestinal histomorphometry, metabolic risk and toxicity markers in rats.MethodsIn this study, 30 male adult Wistar rats were used, distributed among three groups (n = 10): AIN-93 M diet, cafeteria diet (CAF) and cafeteria diet with soy flour (CAFS), for 56 days. The following parameters were measured: food intake; weight gain; serum concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-c, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), aspartate (AST) and alanine (ALT) aminotransferases and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS); humidity and lipid fecal content; weight and fat of the liver. The villous height, the crypt depth and the thickness of the duodenal and ileal circular and longitudinal muscle layers of the animals were also measured.ResultsThere was a significant reduction in the food intake in the CAF group. The CAFS showed lower serum concentrations of triglycerides and serum TBARS and a lower percentage of hepatic fat, with a corresponding increase in thickness of the intestinal muscle layers. In the CAF group, an increase in the HbA1c, ALT, lipid excretion, liver TBARS and crypt depth, was observed associated with lower HDL-c and villous height. The addition of soy did not promote any change in these parameters.ConclusionsThe inclusion of whole soy flour in a high-fat diet may be helpful in reducing some markers of metabolic risk; however, more studies are required to clarify its effects on unbalanced diets.

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“…As such they have a good number of common environmental determinants (nutrition or the degree of exposure to illness). To be sure, this is the case of mortality contexts in 20 th -century Europe whereby the stunting effect of poor living conditions at childhood clearly dominates any possible selection effect of pre-adult mortality on the average height of cohorts in adulthood (Bozzoli et al, 2009; Spijker et al, 2012). Therefore, we may expect taller populations to exhibit lower mortality which also seems to apply among individuals within contemporary societies (Waaler, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trends in height also illustrate this steep pace of improvement in key components of well-being. It is estimated that male Spaniards born during the 1970s were approximately 9 cm taller on average and females were approximately 6 cm taller than those born during the first decades of the 20 th century (Spijker et al, 2012), one of the steepest increases documented among Western European countries (Hatton and Bray, 2010) (Figure 1). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropometric Geography Applied to the Analysis of Socio‐economic Disparities: Cohort Trends and Spatial Patterns of Height and Robustness in 20th‐Century Spain

Cámara

Román²

2014

Population Space and Place

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Anthropometrics have been widely used to study the influence of environmental factors on health and nutritional status. In contrast, anthropometric geography has not often been employed to approximate the dynamics of spatial disparities associated with socioeconomic and demographic changes. Spain exhibited intense disparity and change during the middle decades of the 20th century, with the result that the life courses of the corresponding cohorts were associated with diverse environmental conditions. This was also true of the Spanish territories. This paper presents insights concerning the relationship between socioeconomic changes and living conditions by combining the analysis of cohort trends and the anthropometric cartography of height and physical build. This analysis is conducted for Spanish male cohorts born 1934–1973 that were recorded in the Spanish military statistics. This information is interpreted in light of region-level data on GDP and infant mortality. Our results show an anthropometric convergence across regions that, nevertheless, did not substantially modify the spatial patterns of robustness, featuring primarily robust northeastern regions and weak Central-Southern regions. These patterns persisted until the 1990s (cohorts born during the 1970s). For the most part, anthropometric disparities were associated with socioeconomic disparities, although the former lessened over time to a greater extent than the latter. Interestingly, the various anthropometric indicators utilized here do not point to the same conclusions. Some discrepancies between height and robustness patterns have been found that moderate the statements from the analysis of cohort height alone regarding the level and evolution of living conditions across Spanish regions.

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The health transition and biological living standards: Adult height and mortality in 20th-century Spain

Cited by 37 publications

References 36 publications

Ontogeny of the male femur: Geometric morphometric analysis applied to a contemporary Spanish population

Ontogeny of the male femur: Geometric morphometric analysis applied to a contemporary Spanish population

The addition of whole soy flour to cafeteria diet reduces metabolic risk markers in wistar rats

Anthropometric Geography Applied to the Analysis of Socio‐economic Disparities: Cohort Trends and Spatial Patterns of Height and Robustness in 20th‐Century Spain

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