The Health Effects of Diesel Exhaust

Cohen, Aarón; Nikula, Kristen J.

doi:10.1016/b978-012352335-8/50107-1

Cited by 36 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 120 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…19,20 PAHs are present in both the vapor phase of the exhaust and in the particulate phase, depending on the size of the molecules. In general, PAHs with three or less rings tend to be in the vapor phase while those with five or more rings and nitro-PAHs are predominantly bound to particles.…”

Section: Pahs and Nitro-pahsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Vehicle Exhaust Emissions from Modified Diesel Fuels

Zhu

Cao

Pigeon

et al. 2003

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Three diesel fuels, one oil sand-derived (OSD) diesel serving as base fuel, one cetane-enhanced base fuel, and one oxygenate [diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DEDM)]-blended base fuel, were tested for their emission characterizations in vehicle exhaust on a light-duty diesel truck that reflects the engine technology of the 1994 North American standard. Both the cetane-enhanced and the oxygenate-blended fuels were able to reduce regulated [CO, particulate matter (PM), total hydrocarbon (THC)] and nonregulated [polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), carbonyls, and other volatile organic chemicals] emissions, except for nitrogen oxides (NO x ), compared with the base fuel. Although burning a fuel that contains oxygen could conceivably yield more oxygenated compounds in emissions, the oxygenate-blended diesel fuel resulted in reduced emissions of formaldehyde along with hydrocarbons such as benzene, 1,3-butadiene, and PAHs. Reductions in nitro-PAH emissions have been observed in both the cetane-enhanced and oxygenated fuels. This further demonstrates the benefits of using a cetane enhancer and the oxygenated fuel component.

show abstract

Section: Pahs and Nitro-pahsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Vehicle Exhaust Emissions from Modified Diesel Fuels

Zhu

Cao

Pigeon

et al. 2003

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The vast majority of these particles are agglomerates consisting mainly of spherical primary particles of about 15 to 40 nm in diameter. Another critical factor of the particles emitted in the burning of diesel is due to the large surface area they have and, for this reason, they can absorb several compounds suspended in the air that can be toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic (Cohen & Nikula, 1999;Oravisjärvi et al, 2011).…”

Section: Respiratory Deposition Dose (Rdd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Pollutants in a Commercial Region of Fortaleza, Cear&#225;, Brazil: Integration of Health, Environment and Economy in Urban Planning to Improve Air Quality

Ratts,

Lima,

Santos

et al. 2024

GEP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The accelerated growth of the vehicular fleet, the modernization of large urban centers, and the few adjustments to the road network in Fortaleza have intensified the problems of traffic and emissions of atmospheric pollutants, highlighting the necessity for strategic urban planning initiatives to address the escalating issues of traffic and pollution. With the objective of analyzing the indices of concentrations of atmospheric pollutants and estimating how these levels can affect human health, this work consists of a study of the analysis of air quality in the intense trade region of Fortaleza. For this, the analysis zone was divided into three perimeters (Major -Medium -Minor), where each perimeter was analyzed at 7 am, 12 noon and 5 pm. Concentrations of the type of O 3 , particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 10 ), CO 2 and HCHO were collected. Our results demonstrate that most of the analyses are within the limits of current legislation; however, at certain times and perimeters, the analyses of CO 2 and HCHO exceeded the established limits. In view of the above, we conclude that public policies to control air quality are necessary to reduce the damage to human health and the environment caused by pollutants.

show abstract

“…Several reviews and two formal meta‐analyses have been carried out within the last 10 years 1,6,42,52–56 . The two formal meta‐analyses find that the majority of the included studies show risk estimates greater than 1.…”

Section: Health Effects Of Diesel Exhaustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diesel Exhaust and Coal Mine Dust

Hoffmann

Jöckel

2006

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Conflicting evidence on the carcinogenicity of diesel exhaust (DE) and coal mine dust in occupational settings exist. Exposure measurement in most studies is inferred on the basis of job classifications and may lead to misclassification. Confounding behavioral factors (i.e., smoking) and occupational risk factors (exposure to asbestos, arsenic, radon) need to be considered. We evaluated the epidemiological evidence and current findings of the carcinogenicity of DE and coal mine dust in occupational settings. Pertaining literature was identified through Medline search and recent review articles. Strengths and limitations of recent approaches are discussed. Many epidemiological studies have addressed the question of carcinogenicity in workers exposed to DE, and most showed a low-to-medium increase in the risk of bronchial carcinoma. The pooled relative risk (RR) estimates lie between 1.33 and 1.47, and a consistent rise in risk across various job categories and study designs point to a causal relationship. Data on the carcinogenicity of coal mine dust are less consistent and the potential for confounding by unmeasured risk factors (arsenic, radon, DE) are higher. While silica as one of its components has been evaluated as carcinogenic, there is inadequate evidence for the carcinogenicity of pure coal dust according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). There is sufficient evidence for a causal relationship between DE and lung cancer in occupational settings. The evidence for coal mine dust is less convincing, but individual studies show an increase in risk of lung cancer in exposed workers.

show abstract

The Health Effects of Diesel Exhaust

Cited by 36 publications

References 120 publications

Comparison of Vehicle Exhaust Emissions from Modified Diesel Fuels

Comparison of Vehicle Exhaust Emissions from Modified Diesel Fuels

Atmospheric Pollutants in a Commercial Region of Fortaleza, Cear&#225;, Brazil: Integration of Health, Environment and Economy in Urban Planning to Improve Air Quality

Diesel Exhaust and Coal Mine Dust

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The Health Effects of Diesel Exhaust

Cited by 36 publications

References 120 publications

Comparison of Vehicle Exhaust Emissions from Modified Diesel Fuels

Comparison of Vehicle Exhaust Emissions from Modified Diesel Fuels

Atmospheric Pollutants in a Commercial Region of Fortaleza, Cear&amp;#225;, Brazil: Integration of Health, Environment and Economy in Urban Planning to Improve Air Quality

Diesel Exhaust and Coal Mine Dust

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Atmospheric Pollutants in a Commercial Region of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil: Integration of Health, Environment and Economy in Urban Planning to Improve Air Quality