The Health Effects of Aluminium — A Review

Cooke, Kathryn; Gould, Mark

doi:10.1177/146642409111100503

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Several reports have been published regarding the heavy metal content of MTA cements ; however, limited studies have focused on the levels of Al in these dental biomaterials. Aluminium has diverse adverse health effects, including neurotoxicity , genotoxicity , Alzheimer's disease, dementia, hyperactivity, and learning disorders in children . For this reason we wanted to concentrate on Al in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo evaluation of the effects of hydraulic calcium silicate dental cements on plasma and liver aluminium levels in rats

Demirkaya

Demirdöğen

Torun

et al. 2015

European J Oral Sciences

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Our aim was to test whether the presence of three hydraulic calcium silicate dental cements--MTA Angelus, MTA Fillapex, and Theracal LC--in the dental extraction socket of an in vivo model, would affect the levels of aluminium (Al) in the plasma and liver. Following anesthesia, the right upper incisor of each male Wistar albino rat was extracted and polyethylene tubes filled with MTA Angelus, MTA Fillapex, or Theracal LC were inserted into the depth of the extraction socket and gingival tissue was sutured. The rats were killed 7, 30, or 60 d after the operation. Blood and liver samples were obtained from the rats before they were killed, and the levels of Al were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Plasma Al levels were higher in the rats in which the mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) cements were implanted, especially MTA Angelus and MTA Fillapex, compared with control rats. In liver samples, however, the differences in Al level were not statistically significant. Our results show that Al might have been released into the circulation from the three dental cements tested, especially MTA Angelus and MTA Fillapex. Further research should be carried out on the possible biological effects of Al liberated from dental cements.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo evaluation of the effects of hydraulic calcium silicate dental cements on plasma and liver aluminium levels in rats

Demirkaya

Demirdöğen

Torun

et al. 2015

European J Oral Sciences

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“…Finally, certain metals can be toxic to humans. Common examples include mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic and aluminium . The level at which each of these metals is considered toxic varies but, in the case of lead, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the USA advise that there is no level that can be considered to be without some risk to developing infants .…”

Section: Exposure To Chemicals: Should We Be Concerned?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detox diets for toxin elimination and weight management: a critical review of the evidence

Klein

Kiat²

2014

J Human Nutrition Diet

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Detox diets are popular dieting strategies that claim to facilitate toxin elimination and weight loss, thereby promoting health and well-being. The present review examines whether detox diets are necessary, what they involve, whether they are effective and whether they present any dangers. Although the detox industry is booming, there is very little clinical evidence to support the use of these diets. A handful of clinical studies have shown that commercial detox diets enhance liver detoxification and eliminate persistent organic pollutants from the body, although these studies are hampered by flawed methodologies and small sample sizes. There is preliminary evidence to suggest that certain foods such as coriander, nori and olestra have detoxification properties, although the majority of these studies have been performed in animals. To the best of our knowledge, no randomised controlled trials have been conducted to assess the effectiveness of commercial detox diets in humans. This is an area that deserves attention so that consumers can be informed of the potential benefits and risks of detox programmes.

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“…[1][2][3] Human beings may at times face risk to Al exposure due to its availability in nature and extensive usage such as in metallurgy, food preservation, spices, paints, water purification and number of pharmacological and cosmetic products. 4,5 Aluminium has no redox capacity in biological systems but it is known that this metal can act as a pro-oxidant in both in vitro and in vivo situations. 6,7 The exact mechanism for its pro-oxidant activity is still the subject of investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc modulates aluminium-induced oxidative stress and cellular injury in rat brain

Singla¹,

Dhawan²

2014

Metallomics

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Dysregulation of metal homeostasis has been perceived as one of the key factors in the progression of neurodegeneration. Aluminium (Al) has been considered as a major risk factor, which is linked to several neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer's disease, whereas zinc (Zn) has been reported as a vital dietary element, which regulates a number of physiological processes in central nervous system. The present study was conducted to explore the protective potential of zinc, if any, in ameliorating neurotoxicity induced by aluminium. Male Sprague Dawley rats received either aluminium chloride (AlCl3) orally (100 mg kg(-1) b.wt. per day), zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) at a dose level of 227 mg L(-1) in drinking water or combined treatment of aluminium and zinc for 8 weeks. Aluminium treatment significantly elevated the levels of lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species as well as the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase, which however were decreased following Zn co-treatment of Al-treated rats. In contrast, Al treatment decreased the activities of glutathione-S-transferase as well as the levels of reduced glutathione, oxidised glutathione and total glutathione, but co-administration of Zn to Al-treated animals increased these levels. Furthermore, Al treatment caused a significant increase in the levels of Fe and Mn as well as of Al but decreased the Zn and metallothionein levels. In the Zn-supplemented animals, the levels of Al, Fe, Mn were found to be significantly decreased, whereas the levels of metallothionein as well as Zn were increased. Moreover, histopathological alterations such as vacuolization and loss of Purkinje cells were also evident following Al treatment, which showed improvement upon Zn supplementation. Therefore, zinc has the potential to alleviate aluminium-induced neurodegeneration.

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The Health Effects of Aluminium — A Review

Cited by 16 publications

References 37 publications

In vivo evaluation of the effects of hydraulic calcium silicate dental cements on plasma and liver aluminium levels in rats

In vivo evaluation of the effects of hydraulic calcium silicate dental cements on plasma and liver aluminium levels in rats

Detox diets for toxin elimination and weight management: a critical review of the evidence

Zinc modulates aluminium-induced oxidative stress and cellular injury in rat brain

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