The health benefits of physical activity in children and adolescents: implications for chronic disease prevention

Sothern, Melinda; Loftin, Mark; Suskind, Robert M.; Udall, J. N.; Blecker, Uwe

doi:10.1007/s004310051070

Cited by 214 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…In other words, physical activity in this age group had neither direct nor buffering effects on health outcome. The fi ndings of this study are inconsistent with previous studies of adolescent populations seeking to determine whether physical activity exhibits a negative infl uence on health outcomes (Sothern, et al, 1999;Uechi, et al, 2000;Haugland, et al, 2003) and moderates the relationship between stress levels and health outcomes (Brown & Siegel, 1988;Norris, et al, 1992;Carmack, et al, 1999;Haugland, et al, 2003). Sallis & Owen (1999) concluded that most of the associations between physical activity and health indicators in young people are weak compared with those in adults.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 98%

Can Physical Activity Moderate the Relationship between School Related Stress and Health Complaints among Japanese Elementary School Children

Takakura

Kobayashi

Miyagi

et al. 2006

Int. J. Sport Health Sci.

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This study examined whether subjective health complaints were associated with school-related stress and physical activity among Japanese 6th grade school children and determined the infl uence of physical activity on the relationship between school-related stress and health complaints. In addition, other health practices were examined as moderators of the association between stress and health complaints. A self-administered questionnaire was conducted for 1,978 pupils at 25 public elementary schools throughout Okinawa, Japan. As a result of two-way analysis of variance, school-related stress showed a signifi cant main effect on health complaints among both boys and girls. However, physical activity did not show a main effect on health complaints among either boys or girls. There was also no observed interaction between school-related stress and physical activity on health complaints. Other health practices had signifi cant main effects on health complaints in this age group. Pupils who slept for 7-8 hours, ate breakfast everyday, watched TV for less than 4 hours a day, or played video games for less than 4 hours a week were less likely to report health complaints. However, there was no observed interaction between school-related stress and each health practice on health complaints. This study suggests that physical activity in this age group has no direct or buffering effects on health outcomes.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 98%

Can Physical Activity Moderate the Relationship between School Related Stress and Health Complaints among Japanese Elementary School Children

Takakura

Kobayashi

Miyagi

et al. 2006

Int. J. Sport Health Sci.

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“…Poor lifestyle indicators such as smoking, alcohol, body fat as well as lack of exercise, reduce NKCA as sole or mutual actions 27,28) . Several psychological outcomes such as moderation of stress, anxiety, depression, and self-esteem that accompany exercise have health-promoting significance 29) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This implies that the improvement in exercise enhanced not only SOC, but also NKCA. There is little evidence showing that exercise enhances immune functions by moderating stress 27,28) . The multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the improvement in exercise after health education positively contributed to changes in SOC and NKCA in never smokers, independently of psychological factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of a Sense of Coherence and Natural Killer Cell Activity which Occurred in Subjects who Improved their Exercise Habits through Health Education in the Workplace

Nakamura

Matsuzaki

Sasahara

et al. 2003

Journal of Occupational Health

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independently of other psychological factors. These results suggest that subjects with improvement in exercise enhance NKCA through increased SOC in never smokers. (J Occup Health 2003; 45: 278-285) Key words: Exercise, Health education, Natural killer cell activity, Sense of coherence, Stress, Work SOC, a candidate for a mediating stress factor, is studied in the framework of Antonovsky's salutogenesis paradigm, which emphasizes the origin of health [1][2][3][4] . Life events stressors, depression and anxiety as well as work-setting characteristics, particularly work stressors, influence levels of SOC 2,[5][6][7] . Emotional stress was reported to be associated with a decrease in cellular immune function including natural killer cell activity (NKCA) in humans 8,9) . SOC is involved in NKCA in relation to work stress 10) and life stress 11) . We have suggested that SOC may be an important psychological modifier in determining the relationship between NKCA and smoking 10) . Besides smoking cessation, a worksite exercise program is one of the principal policies to promote health in Japan and other countries [12][13][14] . Exercise enhances NKCA directly or through changes in lifestyles such as cessation of smoking, reduction of weight or possibly psychological outcomes 15,16) , although little is known about the psychological significance of exercise on SOC and NKCA. In the present study, therefore, we examined SOC and NKCA in office workers who improved their exercise habits after health education to clarify the effects of exercise on SOC and NKCA.Received Sep 11, 2002; Accepted June 19, 2003 Abstract: Enhancement of a Sense of Coherence and Natural Killer Cell Activity which Occurred in Subjects who Improved their Exercise Habits through Health Education in the Workplace: H i r o y u k i N A K A M U R A, e t a l . D e p a r t m e n t o f Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University-We have previously demonstrated that a sense of coherence (SOC), a candidate for a mediating stress factor, is involved in natural killer cell activity (NKCA) reduced in smokers, whereas the relationship among exercise, NKCA and SOC is unclear. To clarify the effects of exercise on SOC and NKCA, we examined the changes in SOC and NKCA before and after health education to encourage exercise. Of one-hundred and one male office workers who received the health education for one year, 27 improved, 65 were unchanged and 9 had deteriorated exercise habits. The repeated measures analysis of variance showed that SOC in workers with improvement in the exercise habit were increased more significantly by the health education than those in workers without improvement (p<0.05). Although the change in NKCA produced by health education was recognized to be significantly different in those who had never smoked from that in current smokers (p<0.05), multiple regression analysis demonstrated that improvement in health practice significantly contributed to increases in both SOC (p<0.01) and NKCA (p...

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“…13,23 As an indicator of the time spent in moderate and vigorous physical activity, a cutoff point of 2,000 counts/min was adopted. 13,21 Valid total time using the accelerometer was considered to be 600 or more minutes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 In children, physical activity is a contributing factor to healthy bones and immune system, psycho-social health, cognitive development, preventing chronic disease such as high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus and obesity in adulthood. 23 The literature indicates that measuring physical activity in children is a challenge compared to adults, due to the characteristics of this activity and the cognitive and linguistic development of this age group. In epidemiological research, questionnaires are recognized as viable measuring instruments due to their low cost and ease of use.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estudo de validade do questionário "Lista de Atividades Físicas" em crianças

et al. 2013

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OBJECTIVE:To assess the validity and operational equivalence of the "Physical Activity Checklist" in children. METHODS:This study complements the cross-cultural adaptation of the Physical Activity Checklist Interview, conducted with 118 school children aged between seven and ten years old, enrolled from the second to the fi fth grades of primary education in the city of São Paulo, SP, Southeastern Brazil, in 2009. The questionnaire enables the quantifi cation of time spent in moderate and vigorous physical activities and sedentary activities and the total and weighted metabolic costs. The accelerometer was adopted as a criterion measure of physical activity. The variables total physical activity (counts/min) and time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity were quantifi ed. The concurrent validity was assessed by Pearson's correlation coeffi cient while the operational equivalence was assessed by data concerning the duration and evaluation of the interview. RESULTS:The values for the correlation coeffi cient between the results from the questionnaire and the accelerometer ranged from 0.34 to 0.40. It was found that LAF overestimates time spent doing moderate and vigorous physical activity when compared to the accelerometer. The average duration of the interviews was 24 minutes (minimum = 13 min, maximum = 41 min, sd = 5 min). The interview item showing the poorest result was the children's ability to estimate time (poor or fair in 24.8% of interviews). CONCLUSIONS:In relation to the original version, the questionnaire "Physical Activity Checklist" presents similar indices of concurrent validity and operational equivalence, confi rming the appropriateness of the cross-cultural adaptation.

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The health benefits of physical activity in children and adolescents: implications for chronic disease prevention

Cited by 214 publications

References 30 publications

Can Physical Activity Moderate the Relationship between School Related Stress and Health Complaints among Japanese Elementary School Children

Can Physical Activity Moderate the Relationship between School Related Stress and Health Complaints among Japanese Elementary School Children

Enhancement of a Sense of Coherence and Natural Killer Cell Activity which Occurred in Subjects who Improved their Exercise Habits through Health Education in the Workplace

Estudo de validade do questionário "Lista de Atividades Físicas" em crianças

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