The healing potential of the periosteum

Malizos, Konstantinos N.; Papatheodorou, Loukia K.

doi:10.1016/j.injury.2005.07.030

Cited by 163 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…This implies that bone remodeling was significant only at late healing stages. Present mathematical models of bone healing (45)(46)(47) usually are based on the experimental observation that the main source of the stem cells is the periosteum, (48)(49)(50) and thus new bone tissue within the external mineralized callus is predicted to form first on the periosteal side and then into the osteotomy/fracture gap. Our study does support this concept in a way that callus mineral particles appeared to develop much earlier/faster in the periosteal region near the cortical bone ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size and habit of mineral particles in bone and mineralized callus during bone healing in sheep

Liu

Manjubala

Schell

et al. 2010

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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Bone healing is known to occur through the successive formation and resorption of various tissues with different structural and mechanical properties. To get a better insight into this sequence of events, we used environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) together with scanning small-angle X-ray scattering (sSAXS) to reveal the size and orientation of bone mineral particles within the regenerating callus tissues at different healing stages (2, 3, 6, and 9 weeks). Sections of 200 mm were cut from embedded blocks of midshaft tibial samples in a sheep osteotomy model with an external fixator. Regions of interest on the medial side of the proximal fragment were chosen to be the periosteal callus, middle callus, intercortical callus, and cortex. Mean thickness (T parameter), degree of alignment (r parameter), and predominant orientation (c parameter) of mineral particles were deduced from resulting sSAXS patterns with a spatial resolution of 200 mm. 2D maps of T and r overlapping with ESEM images revealed that the callus formation occurred in two waves of bone formation, whereby a highly disordered mineralized tissue was deposited first, followed by a bony tissue with more lamellar appearance in the ESEM and where the mineral particles were more aligned, as revealed by sSAXS. As a consequence, degree of alignment and mineral particle size within the callus increased with healing time, whereas at any given moment there were structural gradients, for example, from periosteal toward the middle callus. ß

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size and habit of mineral particles in bone and mineralized callus during bone healing in sheep

Liu

Manjubala

Schell

et al. 2010

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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“…These are followed by the invasion of fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial cells (Taguchi et al 2005). Growth factors and cytokines, important regulators of the healing process, are produced by the cells present in the regeneration area as well as released into this area from the surrounding tissues (damaged bone ends, muscles, periosteum and marrow; Gerstenfeld et al 2003;Malizos & Papatheodorou 2005).…”

Section: Bone Regeneration (A ) Biology Of Bone Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

In silicobiology of bone modelling and remodelling: regeneration

Geris

Sloten

Oosterwyck

2009

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Bone regeneration is the process whereby bone is able to (scarlessly) repair itself from trauma, such as fractures or implant placement. Despite extensive experimental research, many of the mechanisms involved still remain to be elucidated. Over the last decade, many mathematical models have been established to investigate the regeneration process in silico. The first models considered only the influence of the mechanical environment as a regulator of the healing process. These models were followed by the development of bioregulatory models where mechanics was neglected and regeneration was regulated only by biological stimuli such as growth factors. The most recent mathematical models couple the influences of both biological and mechanical stimuli. Examples are given to illustrate the added value of mathematical regeneration research, specifically in the in silico design of treatment strategies for non-unions. Drawbacks of the current continuum-type models, together with possible solutions in extending the models towards other time and length scales are discussed. Finally, the demands for dedicated and more quantitative experimental research are presented.

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“…Periosteum is a connective tissue forming the outer lining of long bones and is involved in driving cell differentiation in bone development and repair [1,25,32]. Periosteum has two discrete layers: an outer fibrous layer and an inner juxtaosseous cambial layer [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Periosteum Is a Source of Cells for Orthopaedic Tissue Engineering: A Pilot Study

Ball

Bonzani

Bovis

et al. 2011

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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Background Periosteal cells are important in embryogenesis, fracture healing, and cartilage repair and could provide cells for osteochondral tissue engineering. Questions/purpose We determined whether a population of cells isolated from human periosteal tissue contains cells with a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) phenotype and whether these cells can be expanded in culture and used to form tissue in vitro. Methods We obtained periosteal tissue from six patients. Initial expression of cell surface markers was assessed using flow cytometry. Cells were cultured over 10 generations and changes in gene expression evaluated to assess phenotypic stability. Phenotype was confirmed using flow cytometry and colony-forming ability assays. Mineral formation was assessed by culturing Stro-1 À and unsorted cells with osteogenic supplements. Three cell culture samples were used for a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, four for flow cytometry, three for colony-forming assay, and three for mineralization. Results Primary cultures, containing large numbers of hematopoietic cells were replaced initially by Stro-1 and ALP-expressing immature osteoblastic cell types and later by ALP-expressing cells, which lacked Stro-1 and which became the predominant cell population during subculture.

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The healing potential of the periosteum

Cited by 163 publications

References 71 publications

Size and habit of mineral particles in bone and mineralized callus during bone healing in sheep

Size and habit of mineral particles in bone and mineralized callus during bone healing in sheep

In silicobiology of bone modelling and remodelling: regeneration

Human Periosteum Is a Source of Cells for Orthopaedic Tissue Engineering: A Pilot Study

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