“…1-7 In this paramedical practice, clowns are integrated into health care teams to mitigate stress, loneliness, fear, and helplessness in hospitalized patients. 4,6-13 Using humor, games, and improvisation, medical clowns create a more positive atmosphere and trust between the health care team and the patient. 5,7,13,14 Previous studies have demonstrated a significant positive effect of medical clowns on preoperative and postoperative anxiety, self-reported pain, and in vitro fertilization treatment effectiveness.…”