The healing effect of bone marrow-derived stem cells in acute radiation syndrome

Abstract

Objectives:To determine the effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on regeneration of bone marrow and intestinal tissue and survival rate in experimental mice with acute radiation syndrome (ARS).Methods:Forty mice were randomly divided into two equal groups of A receiving no BMSC transplantation and B receiving BMSCs. BMSCs were isolated from the bone marrow and cultured in DMEM media. Both groups were irradiated with 10 Gy (dose rate 0.28 Gy/ min) 60CO during 35 minutes with a field size of 35×35 for all the body area. Twenty-four hours after γ irradiation, 150×103 cells of passage 5 in 150 µl medium were injected intravenously into the tail. Animals were euthanized one and two weeks after cell transplantation. They were evaluated histologically for any changes in bone marrow and intestinal tissues. The survival rate in mice were also determined.Results:A significant increase for bone marrow cell count and survival rate were observed in group B in comparison to group A. Histological findings denoted to a healing in sample tissues.Conclusion:BMSCs could significantly reduce the side effects of ARS and increase the survival rate and healing in injured tissue. As such their transplantation may open a window in treatment of patients with ARS.

Allogeneic Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Mitigate Acute Radiation Syndrome by the Rescue of Damaged Bone Marrow Cells from Apoptosis

“…Studies have reported that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells mitigate ARS. 16,17 Other approaches employing placental-derived and Wharton's jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells rescue from radiation by regenerating damaged bone marrow from TBI. [18][19][20] Low yield and difficulty in harvest and mass production for stockpiling are some of the drawbacks associated with the therapeutic application of these cells.…”

HSCs transdifferentiate primarily to pneumonocytes in radiation-induced lung damage repair

“…Therefore, enhancement of the body resistance to radiation and improvement of treatment strategies post-radiation have been got great attention. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is one of the major choices in saving life and repairing the damaged organs or tissues particularly in high-dose radiation, and there is a tremendous amount of effort in BMT studies in human or animal system [ 3 , 9 – 11 ]. Nevertheless, the specific type of contributing cells and their underlying mechanism in tissue repair in response to radiation is not fully understood.…”

The recruitment of extra-intestinal cells to the injured mucosa promotes healing in radiation enteritis and chemical colitis in a mouse parabiosis model

“…Further, in the setting of advanced inflammatory bowel disease, marked denudation of the mucosal epithelium occurs, yet epithelial healing is still achieved, even though the adjacent epithelial cells may be completely lost 7 . Such observations raise the possibility that previously unrecognized pathways could play key roles in intestinal mucosal healing after mucosal injury, especially under conditions in which proliferation and restitution are unlikely to be effective 8, 9, 10, 11 . In this regard, previous authors have suggested the possibility that circulating, extra-intestinal cells can migrate to sites of intestinal injury where they may contribute – either directly or in a paracrine fashion – to the mucosal healing response 12, 13 .…”