The HDL lipidome is widely remodeled by fast food versus Mediterranean diet in 4 days

Abstract

Introduction: HDL is associated with increased longevity and protection from multiple chronic diseases. The major HDL protein ApoA-I has a half-life of about 4 days, however, the effects of diet on the composition of HDL particles at this time scale have not been studied. Objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate the short term dietary effect on HDL lipidomic composition. Methods: In this randomized order cross-over study, ten healthy subjects consumed a Mediterranean (Med) and a fast food (FF) diet for 4 days, with a 4-day wash-out between treatments. Lipidomic composition was analyzed in isolated HDL fractions by an untargeted LC-MS method with 15 internal standards. Results: HDL PE content was increased by FF diet, and 41 out of 170 lipid species were differentially affected by diet. Saturated fatty acids (FA) and odd chain FA were enriched after FF diet, while very-long chain FA and unsaturated FA were enriched after Med diet. The composition of PC, TG and CE were significantly altered to reflect the FA composition of the diet whereas the composition of SM and ceramides were generally unaffected. Conclusion: Results from this study indicate that the HDL lipidome is widely remodeled within 4 days of diet change and that certain lipid classes are more sensitive markers of diet whereas other lipid classes are better indicators of non-dietary factors.

High-Density Lipoproteins and Mediterranean Diet: A Systematic Review

“…HDL lipidome is modulated by diet, even by a short-time dietary intervention. After two 4-day dietary interventions, HDL lipidome was widely modulated and fatty acids contained in HDL phospholipids were the most variable lipids by diet [17]. The 4-day MD intervention increased the quantity of phosphatidylcholine with very long chain and double bonds fatty acids, compared to baseline and to the 4-day fast food diet intervention.…”

“…Otherwise, after the interventions, Hernaez et al, 2019, made an evaluation of foods consumed by 196 individuals from the initial study population, in order to create different groups [13]. Individuals in each study population were different between studies, healthy individuals were included in a total of 5 study populations [15][16][17][18][19], and the rest of the study populations included high cardiovascular risk individuals, which suffered from dyslipidemia, obesity or hypercholesterolemia [13,14,[20][21][22][23][24][25]. Intervention time varied between studies.…”

“…Intervention time varied between studies. The longest intervention time was 1 year [13,14] and the shortest 4 days [17].…”

“…The 4-day MD intervention increased the quantity of phosphatidylcholine with very long chain and double bonds fatty acids, compared to baseline and to the 4-day fast food diet intervention. Fatty acid length, which was found to increase after the 4-day MD intervention, was directly related to MUFA and PUFA consumption [17]. In addition, an oleic acid rich diet, as MD, increased oleic acid and its derivatives in HDL phospholipids [19,23].…”

Site-Specific Glycoprofiles of HDL-Associated ApoE are Correlated with HDL Functional Capacity and Unaffected by Short-Term Diet

“…The half-life of ApoA-I, the main 4 protein constituent of HDL, is approximately 4 days, 19 and we previously showed that the HDL lipidome is drastically remodeled by diet in 4 days. 20 Hence, we postulated that if there is an effect of diet on HDL glycoprofiles it may be visible within this time frame.…”