The hazards of premature release: Recidivism outcomes of blended-sentenced juvenile homicide offenders

Caudill, Jonathan W.; Trulson, Chad R.

doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2016.05.009

Cited by 37 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In other words, clinical samples of youth evince a high preponderance of abusive experiences and deprivation. These findings were consistent with studies of youth residing in detention, correctional, and confinement facilities [7,8,9,10,11] where adverse childhood experiences are endemic.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Adverse Childhood Experiences, Commitment Offense, and Race/Ethnicity: Are the Effects Crime-, Race-, and Ethnicity-Specific?

DeLisi

Alcala

Kusow

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Adverse childhood experiences are associated with an array of health, psychiatric, and behavioral problems including antisocial behavior. Criminologists have recently utilized adverse childhood experiences as an organizing research framework and shown that adverse childhood experiences are associated with delinquency, violence, and more chronic/severe criminal careers. However, much less is known about adverse childhood experiences vis-à-vis specific forms of crime and whether the effects vary across race and ethnicity. Using a sample of 2520 male confined juvenile delinquents, the current study used epidemiological tables of odds (both unadjusted and adjusted for onset, total adjudications, and total out of home placements) to evaluate the significance of the number of adverse childhood experiences on commitment for homicide, sexual assault, and serious persons/property offending. The effects of adverse childhood experiences vary considerably across racial and ethnic groups and across offense types. Adverse childhood experiences are strongly and positively associated with sexual offending, but negatively associated with homicide and serious person/property offending. Differential effects of adverse childhood experiences were also seen among African Americans, Hispanics, and whites. Suggestions for future research to clarify the mechanisms by which adverse childhood experiences manifest in specific forms of criminal behavior are offered.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Adverse Childhood Experiences, Commitment Offense, and Race/Ethnicity: Are the Effects Crime-, Race-, and Ethnicity-Specific?

DeLisi

Alcala

Kusow

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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“…Follow‐up periods for these studies ranged from one year to 16 years. Five of these studies examined JHOs confined in juvenile facilities (Caudill & Trulson, ; Hagan, ; Trulson, Caudill, Haerle, & DeLisi, ; Trulson, Haerle, Caudill, & DeLisi, ; Vries & Liem, ); only one focused on JHOs committed to adult prisons (Heide, Spencer, Thompson, & Solomon, 2001). The recidivism rates in these studies, as described further below, were approximately 60%.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Being a gang affiliate also increased the odds of felony rearrest by 28.50% (Trulson et al, 2012). Caudill and Trulson (2016) followed up on 221 JHOs (offender sex not specified) committed to juvenile facilities under Texas' blended sentencing structure and released after they had served the juvenile part of their sentences.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Juvenile homicide offenders: A 35‐year‐follow‐up study

Heide

2019

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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Murders committed by juveniles have been a major concern in the USA for more than 40 years. Due to decisions in the 21st century by the United States Supreme Court, the likelihood of juvenile homicide offenders being sentenced to life without parole (LWOP) is less than in past decades. In addition, hundreds of individuals in prison who were sentenced to LWOP under mandatory sentencing statutes or their equivalent as juveniles for murder are now eligible for resentencing and may be released. Given these changes in sentencing policies and practices, follow‐up research on juveniles involved in murder is needed. This study is a 35‐year follow‐up study of 59 boys who were convicted of murder and sentenced to adult prisons in a southeastern state, and initially interviewed in the early 1980s. Twenty‐two of these men agreed to participate in clinical interviews about their experiences in prison and upon return to the community if released. The experiences in prison are highlighted for all men. Thereafter, attention focuses on the 19 juvenile homicide offenders who have been released. Of these 19 men, 11 were classified as failures given that they were sent back to prison at least once. Length of time served and completion of GED were the best predictors of post‐release success. Clinical observations, implications of the findings, limitations of the study, and directions for future research are discussed.

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“…Clinical case studies most likely overstate the role of mental health in juvenile homicide, lack of comparison groups prevents the ability to elucidate causes of homicide or whether risk factors of homicide differ from those of other offenses, and retrospective studies lend themselves to bias wherein the outcome (homicide offending) is known leading to incomplete or inaccurate recall of self-reported or parent-reported risks [8]. Some prior work has focused on subsequent recidivism among juveniles who have already committed homicide offenses (see References [10,11,12]). However, there is a notable dearth of research on the prospective prediction of a juvenile’s initial homicide arrest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective Prediction of Juvenile Homicide/Attempted Homicide among Early-Onset Juvenile Offenders

Baglivio

2017

IJERPH

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While homicide perpetrated by juveniles is a relatively rare occurrence, between 2010 and 2014, approximately 7%–8% of all murders involved a juvenile offender. Unfortunately, few studies have prospectively examined the predictors of homicide offending, with none examining first-time murder among a sample of adjudicated male and female youth. The current study employed data on 5908 juvenile offenders (70% male, 45% Black) first arrested at the age of 12 or younger to prospectively examine predictors of an arrest for homicide/attempted homicide by the age of 18. Among these early-onset offenders, males, Black youth, those living in households with family members with a history of mental illness, those engaging in self-mutilation, and those with elevated levels of anger/aggression (all measured by age 13) were more likely to be arrested for homicide/attempted homicide by age 18. These findings add to the scant scientific literature on the predictors of homicide, and illustrate potential avenues for intervention.

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The hazards of premature release: Recidivism outcomes of blended-sentenced juvenile homicide offenders

Cited by 37 publications

References 41 publications

Adverse Childhood Experiences, Commitment Offense, and Race/Ethnicity: Are the Effects Crime-, Race-, and Ethnicity-Specific?

Adverse Childhood Experiences, Commitment Offense, and Race/Ethnicity: Are the Effects Crime-, Race-, and Ethnicity-Specific?

Juvenile homicide offenders: A 35‐year‐follow‐up study

Prospective Prediction of Juvenile Homicide/Attempted Homicide among Early-Onset Juvenile Offenders

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