The hard X-ray to low-energy gamma-ray spectrum of the Crab Nebula

Jung, G. V.

doi:10.1086/167249

Cited by 47 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…The photon indices of the simple power-law model a PL are plotted in Figure 1, while the fluxes are presented in Figure 2. Results show that the photon index and the flux measured at different locations on the BAT detector plane can vary by up to ∼±5% and ∼±10%, respectively, from the canonical values of Crab photon index of −2.15 and flux of 2.11×10 −8 erg cm −2 s −1 (Jung 1989;Rothschild et al 1998). Wilson-Hodge et al (2011) suggests that the flux of the Crab Nebula can fluctuate on a timescale of months to years, with the value changes as much as ∼10% in the BAT energy range from 2008 to 2010.…”

Section: Status Of the In-orbit Calibrationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Those that are related to the BAT data include (1) the Swift GRB table 11 compiled by J. D. Myers using information from Gamma-ray Coordinates Network (GCN) circulars, (2) an online GRB catalog 12 maintained by Tilan Ukwatta that contains GRBs from Swift, (3) the Swift Burst Analyser 13 maintained by Phil Evans, which includes plots of both the BAT and XRT light curves at selected energy bands (Evans et al 2009(Evans et al , 2007(Evans et al , 2010, (4) the "Swiftgrb database" 14 produced by Padgett et al, which is completed through 2012 December and includes data product for BAT and XRT, and (5) an online repository 15 generated by (Jung 1989;Rothschild et al 1998). (Jung 1989;Rothschild et al 1998). Nathaniel Butler that includes the XRT and BAT light curves, spectra, and GRB redshifts (Butler et al 2007(Butler et al , 2010. Moreover, the "GRB Online Index (GRBOX) 16 " maintained by Daniel Perley compiles a list of GRB with redshift measurements and information of follow-up observations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Third Swift Burst Alert Telescope Gamma-Ray Burst Catalog

Lien

Sakamoto

Barthelmy

et al. 2016

ApJ

290

320

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To date, the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) onboard Swift has detected ∼1000 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), of which ∼360 GRBs have redshift measurements, ranging from z=0.03 to z=9.38. We present the analyses of the BATdetected GRBs for the past ∼11 years up through GRB151027B. We report summaries of both the temporal and spectral analyses of the GRB characteristics using event data (i.e., data for each photon within approximately 250 s before and 950 s after the BAT trigger time), and discuss the instrumental sensitivity and selection effects of GRB detections. We also explore the GRB properties with redshift when possible. The result summaries and data products are available at http://swift.gsfc.nasa.gov/results/batgrbcat/index.html. In addition, we perform searches for GRB emissions before or after the event data using the BAT survey data. We estimate the false detection rate to be only one false detection in this sample. There are 15 ultra-long GRBs (∼2% of the BAT GRBs) in this search with confirmed emission beyond ∼1000 s of event data, and only two GRBs (GRB100316D and GRB101024A) with detections in the survey data prior to the starting of event data.

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Section: Status Of the In-orbit Calibrationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Third Swift Burst Alert Telescope Gamma-Ray Burst Catalog

Lien

Sakamoto

Barthelmy

et al. 2016

ApJ

290

320

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The green squares plot the INTEGRAL data reported by den Hartog et al (2004) for AXP 4U 0142+61. The den Hartog et al (2004) results are normalised using the observations of the Crab by Jung (1989). We scaled the emission from the three sources by assuming that they all lie at the distance of AXP 4U 0142+61.…”

Section: The Observed Non-thermal Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

QED can explain the non-thermal emission from SGRs and AXPs: variability

Heyl

2007

Astrophys Space Sci

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Owing to effects arising from quantum electrodynamics (QED), magnetohydrodynamical fast modes of sufficient strength will break down to form electronpositron pairs while traversing the magnetospheres of strongly magnetised neutron stars. The bulk of the energy of the fast mode fuels the development of an electronpositron fireball. However, a small, but potentially observable, fraction of the energy (∼ 10 33 ergs) can generate a non-thermal distribution of electrons and positrons far from the star. This paper examines the cooling and radiative output of these particles. Small-scale waves may produce only the non-thermal emission. The properties of this non-thermal emission in the absence of a fireball match those of the quiescent, non-thermal radiation recently observed non-thermal emission from several anomalous X-ray pulsars and soft-gamma repeaters. Initial estimates of the emission as a function of angle indicate that the non-thermal emission should be beamed and therefore one would expect this emission to be pulsed as well. According to this model the pulsation of the nonthermal emission should be between 90 and 180 degrees out of phase from the thermal emission from the stellar surface.

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“…where ρ h is the air mass thickness, assumed to be 3.5-6.0 g cm −2 at 35-40 km, interpolated to the correct value for the balloon height at the time of an observation, Z is the zenith angle to the source, (Jung, 1989), and incorporate the HEROES detector response for all eight detectors. (Right): Results of fitting models with offsets from 0 to 7 to the Crab Nebula spectrum.…”

Section: Areas Atmospheric Transmission T a Was Calculated Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration of the High Energy Replicated Optics to Explore the Sun (HEROES) Hard X-ray Telescope

Wilson-Hodge

Gaskin

Christe

et al. 2014

J. Astron. Instrum.

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Sun (HEROES) hard Xray telescope flew as a balloon payload from Ft. Sumner, NM. HEROES observed the Sun, the black hole binary GRS 1915+105, and the Crab Nebula during its 27 h flight. In this paper, we describe laboratory calibration measurements of the HEROES detectors using line and continuum sources and applications of these measurements to define channel to energy (gain) corrections for observed events and to define detector response matrices. We characterize the HEROES X-ray grazing incidence optics using measurements taken in the Stray Light Facility (SLF) in Huntsville, AL, and using ray traces. We describe the application of our calibration measurements to in-flight observations of the Crab Nebula.

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The hard X-ray to low-energy gamma-ray spectrum of the Crab Nebula

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

The Third Swift Burst Alert Telescope Gamma-Ray Burst Catalog

The Third Swift Burst Alert Telescope Gamma-Ray Burst Catalog

QED can explain the non-thermal emission from SGRs and AXPs: variability

Calibration of the High Energy Replicated Optics to Explore the Sun (HEROES) Hard X-ray Telescope

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