The Haematological Profile of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Hon, Gloudina Mary; Hassan, Mogamat Shafick; Rensburg, Susan J. van; Erasmus, Rajiv T; Matsha, Tandi E.

doi:10.4236/ojmn.2012.23008

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…The two studies above are in agreement with our results related to the highly significant increasing in HbA 1c level in patients with multiple sclerosis (without treatment) in comparison with healthy control, Table ( 1). Moreover, it has been reported that patients with multiple sclerosis experience various complications, depending on the number of locations of lesions in the brain, erythrocytes with impaired membrane fluidity as shown in multiple sclerotic patients [27]. Furthermore, a recent study has suggested that iron is an essential element used for basic and specialized cellular functions throughout the body and in the central nervous system [28].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Positive and Negative Aspects of Copaxone ( Glatiramer acetate) Action on TC, TG HbA1c and Iron Levels in The Sera of Iraqi Women with Multiple Sclerosis in Baghdad

Journal¹

2017

Baghdad Sci.J

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The aim of the present study is to highlight the role of total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), Glycated hemoglobin A1c and iron in Iraqi women with multiple sclerosis and also to examine the biochemical action of copaxone (which is the most widely used in the 21st century to treat multiple sclerosis) on these biochemical parameters. This is the first study in Iraq which deals copaxone action on TC , TG , HbA1c and iron. Ninety women in their fourth decade suffering from multiple sclerosis were enrolled in this study. They were divided into: the first (group B) composed of (30) women without any treatment related to multiple sclerosis or any treatment linked with chronic or inflammatory diseases. The second (group A1) included (30) women under treatment with copaxone for 1 year, whereas the third group (group A2) involved (30) women under treatment with copaxone for 2 years. Patients groups were compared with a healthy control group (group C) composed of (30) healthy women, TC, TG, HbA1c and iron levels were determined in the sera of patients and control groups. Results of the present study has revealed that TC was high significantly increasing in the sera of group B (250.68±9.76) mg/dl compared with group C (175.36±8.81) mg/dl, while it was high significantly decreasing in the sera of groups A1 (211.88±5.90) mg/dl and A2 (212.12±5.60) mg/dL compared with group B (250.68±9.76) mg/dl. Beside, a non-significant difference was suggested between groups A1 (211.88±5.90) mg/dl and A2 (212.12±5.60) mg/dl. The present study also reported that TG was high significantly increasing in group B (224.84±10.76) mg / dl compared with group C (131.36±7.53) mg/dL whereas a significant decrease was shown in group A1(142.48±4.63) mg/dl and group A2 (195±4.20) mg/dl compared with group B (224.84±10.76) mg / dl. Surprisingly, a highly significant increase was reported in group A2 (195±4.20) mg/dl compared with group A1(142.48±4.63) mg/dl. The present study also suggested that HbA1c level was high significantly increasing in the sera of group B (6.53±0.57) mg/dl compared with group C (4.99±0.07) mg/dl. Oppositely, it was high significantly decreasing in the sera of groups A1 (4.72±0.42) mg/dl and A2 (4.53±0.35) mg/dl compared with group B (6.53±0.57) mg/dl. Futhermore, a non-significant difference was noted between groups A1 (4.72±0.42) mg/dl and A2 (4.53±0.35) mg/dl. This study also reported that iron level was high significantly decreasing in the sera of group B (37.31±4.24) µg / dl compared with group C (98.23±9.21) µg/ dl, whereas it was significantly increasing in the sera of groups A1 (44.05±6.32) µg/dl and A2 (45.31±6.82) µg/dl compared with group B (37.31±4.24) µg/dl . A non significant difference was shown between groups A1 (44.05±6.32) µg / dl and A2 (45.31±6.82) µg / dl.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Positive and Negative Aspects of Copaxone ( Glatiramer acetate) Action on TC, TG HbA1c and Iron Levels in The Sera of Iraqi Women with Multiple Sclerosis in Baghdad

Journal¹

2017

Baghdad Sci.J

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“…These findings indicate trustable data, since MS patients with earlier age of onset have a milder MS course, while a continuing disease process in the long-term deteriorates the clinical condition and increases MSSS 19. Our data, discussed later, are also congruent with previous findings, which showed inverse correlation between the RBC counts and EDSS in MS patients 6. In this current investigation, the two most statistically significant findings were that higher HbA2 levels correlated with higher RBC levels ( R =0.357, P <0.001) and prominently lesser MSSS ( P <0.001).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…These observations were neglected until the past few years and no one questioned the influence of RBC fragility and free hemoglobin (Hb) in MS. But this has changed in recent years 2–6. In 2009, an impaired fluidity of RBC membranes in MS was reported 2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2015, it was found that degradation products of free Hb damaged myelin, where globin triggered myelin basic protein oxidative cross-linking, and heme transferred to the lipids involved in lipid peroxidation 5. Although the RBC count is within the normal range in MS patients, it shows an inverse correlation with the disease duration and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) 6. In adults, three Hb’sexist: Major HbA (α2β2, ~96%–97%), and minor Hb’s HbA2 (α2δ2, <3%), and HbF (F for fetal, α2γ2, <0.6%) 7.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Higher minor hemoglobin A2 levels in multiple sclerosis patients correlate with lesser disease severity

Özcan¹,

Ince²,

Karadeli³

et al. 2016

NDT

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Objective To define whether minor adult hemoglobin A2 (HbA2, α2δ2) exerts any protective activity in multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods HbA2 levels were measured in 146 MS patients with high performance liquid chromatography and association with MS Severity Scores (MSSS) were determined. HbA2 associations with blood count parameters were also studied using blood counts evaluated on the same day of high performance liquid chromatography sampling. Routine biochemical parameters were also determined to rule out elusively influential factors, such as anemia and thyroid disorders. Results HbA2 levels negatively correlated with MSSS (Spearman correlation, R : −0.186, P =0.025). Exclusion of confounding factors with a generalized linear model revealed an even stronger negative correlation between HbA2 and MSSS ( P <0.001). HbA2 positively correlated with red blood cells (RBCs) ( R =0.350, P <0.001) and in turn, RBCs negatively correlated with MSSS ( R =−0.180, P =0.031). Average HbA2 levels were highest among patients treated with interferon β1a. Conclusion RBC fragility is increased in MS, and recent data suggest that circulating free Hb contributes to neural injury in MS. HbA2 and its oxidative denaturation product hemichrome A2 enhance RBC membrane stability to a greater extent than do major HbA or hemichrome A. Reductions in ischemic cerebrovascular vascular events are reported in β-thalassemia carriers and HbA2 levels are considerably higher in this population. Episodic declines of cerebral blood flow were shown in bipolar disorder, and we have recently shown a protective role of HbA2 against postpartum episodes in females with bipolar disorder. HbA2’s erythroprotective functions may reduce free Hb and long-term neural injury in MS.

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“…50,51 The hematological profile of patients with MS indicates an increased number of platelets in the circulation of patients, which may suggest their immunological involvement. 52 Therefore, the decrease in platelet count in MS patients may be a positive force for protecting against the development of the disease. Farrokhi et al showed a statistically significant decrease in platelet level for patients taking fingolimod oral medication (reducing classic autoimmune cells).…”

Section: Role Of Blood Platelets In Neuro-inflammation and Neurodegenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between platelets and leukocytes in pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis

Dziedzic¹,

Bijak²

2019

Adv Clin Exp Med

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Neurodegenerative diseases are an increasing problem in the modern world. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a major human demyelinating and degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). There are many reports that point to the significant role of platelet-leukocyte interaction in neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular disturbances. Epidemiological studies confirm the high risk of cardiovascular diseases in patients with MS. The pathophysiology mechanisms of this multi-component disease are very complex and involve various types of cells. There is increasing evidence that some co-stimulatory pathways affect the function of inflammatory cells, both in the periphery and in the CNS. Interactions of leukocytes and endothelial cells (ECs) could be significantly modulated in the presence of activated blood platelets. The supposed role of activated platelets in the development of vessel inflammatory response is due to their ability to adhere to inflamed ECs or proteins included in the subendothelial layer of the blood vessel wall, as well as to the ability of platelets to form aggregates with leukocytes. Blood platelets are able to directly activate leukocytes through a receptor-dependent mechanism or, indirectly, by biologically active compounds secreted from their granules. Cell-cell interactions provide critical mechanisms by which platelets link thrombosis, inflammation and related processes, such as diapedesis and leukocyte infiltration, to the affected vessel. Determining the relationship between platelet-leukocyte interactions and the development of neuroinflammation in the course of MS may provide new therapeutic targets in the future.

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The Haematological Profile of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Cited by 17 publications

References 37 publications

Positive and Negative Aspects of Copaxone ( Glatiramer acetate) Action on TC, TG HbA1c and Iron Levels in The Sera of Iraqi Women with Multiple Sclerosis in Baghdad

Positive and Negative Aspects of Copaxone ( Glatiramer acetate) Action on TC, TG HbA1c and Iron Levels in The Sera of Iraqi Women with Multiple Sclerosis in Baghdad

Higher minor hemoglobin A2 levels in multiple sclerosis patients correlate with lesser disease severity

Interactions between platelets and leukocytes in pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis

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