The gut microbiota is associated with psychiatric symptom severity and treatment outcome among individuals with serious mental illness

Madan, Alok; Thompson, Debbe; Fowler, J. Christopher; Ajami, Nadim J.; Salas, Ramiro; Frueh, B. Christopher; Bradshaw, Major; Weinstein, Benjamin; Oldham, John M.; Petrosino, Joseph F.

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.12.020

Cited by 66 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In our study, age, BMI, and gender were similar between the two groups, and a mediation factor was also considered. Interestingly, our study found that Dorea, Butyricicoccus, and Peptococcus were associated with HAM-D scores measuring the severity of depression, which has never been reported before (9,26,43,44).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 42%

Gut Microbiome Composition Associated With Major Depressive Disorder and Sleep Quality

Zhang

Yun

et al. 2021

Front. Psychiatry

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The microbiota–gut–brain axis plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) and related subclinical symptoms. However, studies on the gut microbiota in MDD are inconsistent, and data on MDD's effects on sleep are lacking. This study aimed to analyze the gut microbiota composition and sleep quality of patients with MDD. We performed 16S rRNA sequencing of stool samples from 36 patients with MDD and 45 healthy controls (HC). Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, depressive severity with the Hamilton Depression Scale, and insomnia severity using the Insomnia Severity Index. Forty-eight microbiota targets showed significant differences between MDD and HC. In MDD, six microbiota targets were associated with the severity of depression, 11 with sleep quality, and 3 with sleep severity. At the genus level, Dorea was simultaneously related to depression and sleep quality, while Intestinibacter was more closely related to sleep problems. Coprococcus and Intestinibacter were associated with sleep quality independent of the severity of depression. In conclusion, the present findings enable a better understanding of the relationship between gut microbiota and MDD-related symptoms. Gut microbiota alterations may become potential biomarkers and/or treatment targets for sleep quality in MDD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 42%

Gut Microbiome Composition Associated With Major Depressive Disorder and Sleep Quality

Zhang

Yun

et al. 2021

Front. Psychiatry

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“…We have published a meta-analysis suggesting that patients with irritable bowel syndrome were at higher risk of major depression [37], confirming the potential causal or bilateral relationship between microbiota disturbances and major depression. Several studies have shown microbiota disturbances in patients with major depression; these disturbances are summarized in Table 1 [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. Probiotics yielded small but significant effects for depression (d = −0.24, p < 0.01) and anxiety (d = −0.10, p = 0.03).…”

Section: Microbiota-orientated Therapies and Their Interest For Majormentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota-Orientated Treatments for Major Depression and Schizophrenia

et al. 2020

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Background and significance. There is a need to develop new hypothesis-driven treatment for both both major depression (MD) and schizophrenia in which the risk of depression is 5 times higher than the general population. Major depression has been also associated with poor illness outcomes including pain, metabolic disturbances, and less adherence. Conventional antidepressants are partly effective, and 44% of the subjects remain unremitted under treatment. Improving MD treatment efficacy is thus needed to improve the SZ prognosis. Microbiota-orientated treatments are currently one of the most promising tracks. Method. This work is a systematic review synthetizing data of arguments to develop microbiota-orientated treatments (including fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT)) in major depression and schizophrenia. Results. The effectiveness of probiotic administration in MD constitutes a strong evidence for developing microbiota-orientated treatments. Probiotics have yielded medium-to-large significant effects on depressive symptoms, but it is still unclear if the effect is maintained following probiotic discontinuation. Several factors may limit MD improvement when using probiotics, including the small number of bacterial strains administered in probiotic complementary agents, as well as the presence of a disturbed gut microbiota that probably limits the probiotics’ impact. FMT is a safe technique enabling to improve microbiota in several gut disorders. The benefit/risk ratio of FMT has been discussed and has been recently improved by capsule administration. Conclusion. Cleaning up the gut microbiota by transplanting a totally new human gut microbiota in one shot, which is referred to as FMT, is likely to strongly improve the efficacy of microbiota-orientated treatments in MD and schizophrenia and maintain the effect over time. This hypothesis should be tested in future clinical trials.

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“…We used the biomarker discovery tool Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) [ 73 ] to identify preferentially abundant genera in the stool and saliva Presort samples of individuals classified as having pro- or anti-inflammatory profiles ( Fig 5 ). Six organisms were found to be differentially abundant of the stool of those with pro-inflammatory Th17:Treg ratios, including members of the genus Faecalibacterium (p = 0.008), while only one genus, Fusicatenbacter (p = 0.039), was found to be differentially abundant of the stool of those with an anti-inflammatory profile.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of the Th17:Treg axis on the IgA-Biome across the glycemic spectrum

et al. 2021

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Secretory IgA (SIgA) is released into mucosal surfaces where its function extends beyond that of host defense to include the shaping of resident microbial communities by mediating exclusion/inclusion of respective microbes and regulating bacterial gene expression. In this capacity, SIgA acts as the fulcrum on which host immunity and the health of the microbiota are balanced. We recently completed an analysis of the gut and salivary IgA-Biomes (16S rDNA sequencing of SIgA-coated/uncoated bacteria) in Mexican-American adults that identified IgA-Biome differences across the glycemic spectrum. As Th17:Treg ratio imbalances are associated with gut microbiome dysbiosis and chronic inflammatory conditions such as type 2 diabetes, the present study extends our prior work by examining the impact of Th17:Treg ratios (pro-inflammatory:anti-inflammatory T-cell ratios) and the SIgA response (Th17:Treg-SIgA axis) in shaping microbial communities. Examining the impact of Th17:Treg ratios (determined by epigenetic qPCR lymphocyte subset quantification) on the IgA-Biome across diabetes phenotypes identified a proportional relationship between Th17:Treg ratios and alpha diversity in the stool IgA-Biome of those with dysglycemia, significant changes in community composition of the stool and salivary microbiomes across glycemic profiles, and genera preferentially abundant by T-cell inflammatory phenotype. This is the first study to associate epigenetically quantified Th17:Treg ratios with both the larger and SIgA-fractionated microbiome, assess these associations in the context of a chronic inflammatory disease, and offers a novel frame through which to evaluate mucosal microbiomes in the context of host responses and inflammation.

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The gut microbiota is associated with psychiatric symptom severity and treatment outcome among individuals with serious mental illness

Cited by 66 publications

References 51 publications

Gut Microbiome Composition Associated With Major Depressive Disorder and Sleep Quality

Gut Microbiome Composition Associated With Major Depressive Disorder and Sleep Quality

Microbiota-Orientated Treatments for Major Depression and Schizophrenia

The impact of the Th17:Treg axis on the IgA-Biome across the glycemic spectrum

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