The Gut Microbiota from Lean and Obese Subjects Contribute Differently to the Fermentation of Arabinogalactan and Inulin

Aguirre, Manuel A.; Souza, Carlota Bussolo de; Venema, Koen

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0159236

Cited by 71 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…It has been suggested that overweight and obese individuals overestimate their consumption of lignan‐rich food, since serum ENL concentrations were significantly lower compared to normal weight subjects even though their reported lignan intake were similar . However, the differences may also occur due to differences in gut microbiota composition and/or activity between obese and lean individuals as shown for other gut microbiota derived molecules …”

Section: Factors Affecting Variation In Plasma Enterolactonementioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Explaining Interpersonal Variation in Plasma Enterolactone Concentrations in Humans

Hålldin

Eriksen

Brunius

et al. 2019

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Lignans are diphenolic plant compounds with potential health modulating properties that are absorbed to the circulation and metabolized to the enterolignans enterodiol (END) and enterolactone (ENL) by gut microbiota. Epidemiological studies have inconsistently shown that a high lignan intake and circulating ENL are associated with reduced risk of breast‐, prostate‐, and colorectal cancer as well as cardiovascular disease and total and cause‐specific mortality. Inconsistencies can be due to interpersonal variation of ENL formation or responses. The aim of this review is to identify and evaluate the impact of factors influencing variability in plasma concentrations of the main enterolignan, ENL. The main determinants of plasma ENL concentrations are intake of lignan and lignan‐rich foods, composition and activity of intestinal microflora, antimicrobial use, nutrient intake, BMI, smoking, sex, and age. Composition and activity of the intestinal microbiota appear to be the most critical factor governing interpersonal variability in plasma ENL concentration followed by the use of antibiotics. Future studies with combined data from gut microbiota and metabolomics with food intake and life style data can be used to estimate the relative contribution of the different factors to ENL concentration in quantitative terms.

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Section: Factors Affecting Variation In Plasma Enterolactonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[32] However, the differences may also occur due to differences in gut microbiota composition and/or activity between obese and lean individuals as shown for other gut microbiota derived molecules. [53]…”

Section: Body Mass Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Explaining Interpersonal Variation in Plasma Enterolactone Concentrations in Humans

Hålldin

Eriksen

Brunius

et al. 2019

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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“…Various in vitro models of the gut microbiota have been used to examine the effects of prebiotics [9,10], probiotics [11], and dietary modulations [12] on the gut microbiota and its metabolites. In vitro models facilitate frequent sampling and increased reproducibility [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection of fast and slow growing bacteria from fecal microbiota using continuous culture with changing dilution rate

Adamberg

2018

Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease

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Background: Nutrient and energy metabolism in human colon depends on bacterial growth rate that is determined by the colonic transit rate.Objective: A novel approach, De-stat culture was used to distinguish the fast and slow growing sub-populations from fecal microbiota.Design: The enrichment and metabolism of bacteria from pooled fecal cultures of children was studied at dilution rates D = 0.2–0.0 1/h in mucin-supplemented media containing either arabinogalactan or apple pectin.Results: The study revealed clear differentiation of the fecal microbiota at higher (above 0.1 1/h) and lower (below 0.1 1/h) dilution rates, along with metabolic changes. Similarity of the fast and slow growing bacteria was observed in two different fecal pools and on both substrates, suggesting the dilution rate as the main triggering parameter for selection of bacteria. At high dilution rates, the species Collinsella aerofaciens, Dorea longicatena, Escherichia coli, Lachnoclostridium torques, and different Bacteroides (B. caccae, B. fragilis, B. ovatus, B. thetaiotaomicron, B. vulgatus) were dominant in both media variants. At low dilution rates, Akkermansia muciniphila, Eisenbergiella tayi, Negativicoccus succinivorans, and a group of Ruminococcaceae became dominant in both media and in both fecal pools. This change in bacterial population accompanied by the increased production of propionic and butyric acids as well as higher consumption of alanine and branched chain amino acids at low dilution rates.Conclusions: The study suggests that specific growth rate has important effect on the dynamics of colon microbiota. Manipulation of the proportions of fast and slow growing gut bacteria through modulation of the transit rate could be a target in human nutrition studies. The De-stat study would enable to predict changes in microbiota composition associated with the decrease or increase of the colonic transit rate.

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“…It is speculated that the correlation between development of metabolic syndrome and the gut microbiota may be due to perturbations of the gut microbiota by external factors, such as exposure to food additives, which leads to a cascade of effects that ultimately leads to promotion of one of the risk factors and other physiological indices of metabolic syndrome. The recent studies by Aguirre, Bussolo de Souza, and Venema (), Chassaing et al. (), ), Shang et al.…”

Section: Overview Of the Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The excluded publications were review articles on the diet and gut microbiota, opinion pieces, conference abstracts, or largely unrelated to the topic of interest. Following retrieval of the 19 full‐text articles, eight of the publications reported findings related to the effects of CMC, P80, gum arabic, arabinogalactan, and carrageenan on the gut microbiota, and were subsequently critically reviewed with respect to study design, test system, use of appropriate controls, reported outcomes, and any potential confounding factors (Aguirre et al., ; Chassaing et al., , ; Shang et al., ; Singh, Wheildon, & Ishikawa, ; Swidsinski et al., ; Viennois et al., ; Wyatt, Bayliss, & Holcroft, ). The literature search results are presented in Figure .…”

Section: Review Of the Scientific Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Exposures to Common Emulsifiers and Their Impact on the Gut Microbiota: Is There a Cause for Concern?

Lynch

Roberts

2018

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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Emulsifiers are commonly used in food processing for the technological purpose of altering the flavor or to improve the texture of foods. Due to their ubiquity, these substances are consumed daily at low levels in the human diet. Recently published in vitro and in vivo studies suggest dietary exposure to emulsifiers modulate the gut microbiota and contribute to the increasing prevalence of metabolic disease. A literature search was conducted which identified eight studies investigating the interaction of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polysorbate 80, gum arabic, carrageenan, and arabinogalactan with the gut microbiota in murine and in vitro models. Numerous inconsistent changes in various phyla and genera were identified. These studies were conducted at high doses that have no relevance to the current dietary levels consumed in the United States. Subtle changes in gut microbiota composition as a toxicological endpoint is not supported by established internationally recognized toxicology testing guidelines. Therefore, the results of these studies are difficult to interpret and extrapolate to humans and are not supported by previous safety conclusions of international food safety authorities. The current understanding of the gut microbiota is that the structure is highly dynamic and is heavily influenced by the diet. Thus, the results of these studies may not necessarily suggest a safety concern, but rather reflect an adaptive response of the gut microbiota to an external stressor. Future research will need to further elucidate the mechanisms of metabolic disease in rodents and humans and establish clinically relevant and reliable endpoints to assess changes in gut microflora.

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The Gut Microbiota from Lean and Obese Subjects Contribute Differently to the Fermentation of Arabinogalactan and Inulin

Cited by 71 publications

References 75 publications

Factors Explaining Interpersonal Variation in Plasma Enterolactone Concentrations in Humans

Factors Explaining Interpersonal Variation in Plasma Enterolactone Concentrations in Humans

Selection of fast and slow growing bacteria from fecal microbiota using continuous culture with changing dilution rate

Dietary Exposures to Common Emulsifiers and Their Impact on the Gut Microbiota: Is There a Cause for Concern?

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