The Gut Microbiota–Brain Axis Expands Neurologic Function: A Nervous Rapport

Bauer, Kylynda C.; Rees, Tobias

doi:10.1002/bies.201800268

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 117 publications

(157 reference statements)

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“…Bidirectional signaling between the gut microbiota and nervous system [37] challenges the conventional ideas of how environmental factors influence the body and aging. The vagus nerve links the central nervous system with the abdominal viscera and acts as a bidirectional bridge between the gut microbiome and brain.…”

Section: Biosocial Factors May Impact the Microbiome Via The Gut-braimentioning

confidence: 98%

The Microbiome Mediates Environmental Effects on Aging

et al. 2019

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Humans' indigenous microbes strongly influence organ functions in an age-and diet-dependent manner, adding an important dimension to aging biology that remains poorly understood. Although age-related differences in the gut microbiota composition correlate with age-related loss of organ function and diseases, including inflammation and frailty, variation exists among the elderly, especially centenarians and people living in areas of extreme longevity. Studies using shortlived as well as nonsenescent model organisms provide surprising functional insights into factors affecting aging and implicate attenuating effects of microbes as well as a crucial role for certain transcription factors like forkhead box O. The unexpected beneficial effects of microbes on aged animals imply an even more complex interplay between the gut microbiome and the host. The microbiome constitutes the major interface between humans and the environment, is influenced by biosocial stressors and behaviors, and mediates effects on health and aging processes, while being moderated by sex and developmental stages.

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Section: Biosocial Factors May Impact the Microbiome Via The Gut-braimentioning

confidence: 98%

The Microbiome Mediates Environmental Effects on Aging

et al. 2019

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“…One consequence of the concept of the microbiota as an organ is to consider its ‘bidirectional’ relationship with all organs of the human body, including the brain. The relationship with the brain, called the ‘gut–microbiota–brain axis’ or ‘gut–brain axis’ [49–55], has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory, neurodegenerative, diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, MS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and autism spectrum disorders [40,54].…”

Section: Additional Clues Suggesting the Human Gut Microbiota May Notmentioning

confidence: 99%

The human gut microbiota is neither an organ nor a commensal

Riccio

Rossano

2020

FEBS Letters

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The recent explosive increase in the number of works on gut microbiota has been accompanied by the spread of rather vague or improper definitions, chosen more for common use than for experimental evidence. Among them are those defining the human gut microbiota as an organ of our body or as a commensal. But, is the human gut microbiota an organ or a commensal? Here, we address this issue to spearhead a reflection on the real roles of the human gut microbiota in our life. Actually, the misuse of the vocabulary used to describe the properties and functions of the gut microbiota may generate confusion and cause misunderstandings both in the scientific community and among the general public.

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“…[8,9] For example, recent theories suggest that in the absence of microbes, humans would not have developed the current level of cognitive performance. These are even suggested to span optimal brain development and subsequent functioning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are even suggested to span optimal brain development and subsequent functioning. [8,9] For example, recent theories suggest that in the absence of microbes, humans would not have developed the current level of cognitive performance. [10] While this claim may remain speculative, emerging evidence suggests that microbes constitute a potential regulatory facet impacting brain function and putatively even behavior impacting the human trait of sociability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When Cultures Meet: The Landscape of “Social” Interactions between the Host and Its Indigenous Microbes

2019

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Animals exist as biodiverse composite organisms that include microbial residents, eukaryotic cells, and organs that collectively form a human being. Through an interdependent relationship and an inherent ability to transmit and reciprocate stimuli in a bidirectional way, a human body or the holobiont secures growth, health, and reproduction. As such, the survival of a holobiont is dependent on the maintenance of biological order including metabolic homeostasis by tight regulation of the communication between its eukaryotic and prokaryotic residents. In this review an overview and perspective are provided on the bidirectional communication between microbes and their host in mutually nurturing biochemical, biological, and social interconnected relationships between the components of the holobiont. An emphasis is placed on exemplifying microbiome-mediated effects on host functions-aiming to integrate microbiome functionality to host physiology, be it health or disease. Nutrition, immunology, and sexual dimorphism have been traversed extensively to reflect on health and mind states, social interactions, and urbanization defects/effects. Finally, examples of molecular mechanisms potentially orchestrating these complex transkingdom interactions are provided. We Nurture an Intricate Relationship with Our Symbiotic MicrobesHumans and their indigenous microbiomes are uniquely symbiotic in a number of facets. Indeed, many human genes are homologous to bacterial genes that are predominant in

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The Gut Microbiota–Brain Axis Expands Neurologic Function: A Nervous Rapport

Cited by 17 publications

References 117 publications

The Microbiome Mediates Environmental Effects on Aging

The Microbiome Mediates Environmental Effects on Aging

The human gut microbiota is neither an organ nor a commensal

When Cultures Meet: The Landscape of “Social” Interactions between the Host and Its Indigenous Microbes

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