The Gut Microbiota and Respiratory Diseases: New Evidence

Li, Chunxi; Liu, Haiyue; Yuan, Lin; Pan, Jian-bing; Su, Jin

doi:10.1155/2020/2340670

Cited by 149 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 143 publications

(147 reference statements)

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“…People with these comorbidities as well as immune-compromised individuals are more vulnerable to COVID-19 with a manifold increase in their fatality rate [15,[23][24][25]. This is of particular interest based on evidence from previous studies that link gut microbiome and lung immunity [26]. Intestinal microbial dysbiosis modulates the immune responses of neutrophils, T-cell subsets, inflammatory cytokines, and Toll-like receptors thereby influencing pulmonary dysfunction [27][28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 and Host Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These observations are worrisome since the effect of gut on immune system, gut-brain axis and several non-communicable diseases will influence recovery from COVID-19 and indeed may result in long term health complications (Fig. 1) [26]. Based on these, there is a need to explore the role and impact of the SARS-CoV-2 on the host microbiome in the gut during and post COVID-19.…”

Section: Covid-19 and Gut Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interplay between severities of COVID-19 and the gut microbiome: implications of bacterial co-infections?

2021

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COVID-19 is an acute respiratory distress syndrome and is often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms. The SARS-CoV-2 has been traced not only in nasopharyngeal and mid-nasal swabs but also in stool and rectal swabs of COVID-19 patients. The gut microbiota is important for an effective immune response as it ensures that unfavorable immune reactions in lungs and other vital organs are regulated. The human gut-lung microbiota interplay provides a framework for therapies in the treatment and management of several pulmonary diseases and infections. Here, we have collated data from COVID-19 studies, which suggest that bacterial co-infections as well as the gut-lung cross talk may be important players in COVID-19 disease prognosis. Our analyses suggests a role of gut microbiome in pathogen infections as well as in an array of excessive immune reactions during and post COVID-19 infection recovery period.

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Section: Sars-cov-2 and Host Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Covid-19 and Gut Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay between severities of COVID-19 and the gut microbiome: implications of bacterial co-infections?

2021

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“…The resulting low grade infection causes both systemic and gut inflammation leading to intestinal leakiness ,heightened permeability, nutrient malabsorption and disrupted immunomodulation 86 , 87 . Frequent infections, vaccine failures and chemotherapy lead to a disruption in the homeostasis of the gut microbiota, a phenomenon referred to as dysbiosis 88 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low lung function in the developing world is analogous to stunting: a review of the evidence

Mishra

Salvi²,

Lyngdoh

et al. 2020

Wellcome Open Res

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Background: Low vital capacity, one of the consequences of restricted lung growth, is a strong predictor of cardiovascular mortality. Vital capacity is lower in the developing world than the developed world, even after adjusting for height, weight and gender. This difference is typically dismissed as ethnic variation, adjusted for by redefining normal. Whether this is a consequence of stunted lung growth, rather than just genetically smaller lungs, has not been investigated in detail. Therefore, we sought to compare factors implicated in both stunting and lung development, particularly in the developing world. Methods: We conducted a manual screen of articles identified through Google Scholar and assessed risk of bias. No language restrictions were applied, so long as there was an associated English abstract. We queried VizHub (Global Burden of Disease Visualization Tool) and Google Dataset search engines for disease burden and genome wide association studies. The scope of the article and the heterogeneity of the outcome measures reported required a narrative review of available evidence. To the extent possible, the review follows PRISMA reporting guidelines. Results: Early life influences operate in synergism with genetic, environmental and nutritional factors to influence lung growth and development in children. Low lung function and stunting have common anthropometric, environmental and nutritional correlates originating during early development. Similar anthropometric correlates shared chronic inflammatory pathways, indicated that the two conditions were analogous. Conclusion: The analogy between poor lung function and stunting is conspicuous in the developing world, with malnutrition at the center of non -achievement of growth potential, susceptibility to infectious diseases and intrauterine programming for metabolic syndrome. This counter the idea of redefining the normal for lung function measurements, since observed inter-ethnic variations are likely a mix of natural genetic differences as well as differences in nurture such that reduced lung function reflects early life adversities.

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“…Un balance adecuado de los mismos, mayor efecto sobre éstos, pero menor sobre la microbiota habitual haría una elección mas adecuada de los tratamientos. Por último, dada la inter-conexión que existe entre la microbiota intestinal y la respiratoria, ejercida por la homeostasis y los metabolitos de las bacterias, la elección de los antimicrobianos ha de realizarse desde un prisma ecológico sobre ambas microbiota [ 68 ].…”

Section: Efecto Sobre El Microbiomaunclassified

Current microbiological aspects of community respiratory infection beyond COVID-19

Cantón

2021

Rev Esp Quimioter

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From a microbiological point of view, both empirical and targeted antimicrobial treatment in respiratory infection is based on the sensitivity profile of isolated microorganisms and the possible resistance mechanisms that they may present. The latter may vary in different geographic areas according to prescription profiles and vaccination programs. Beta-lactam antibiotics, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides are the most commonly used antimicrobials during the exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and community-acquired pneumonia. In their prescription, different aspects such as intrinsic activity, bactericidal effect or their ability to prevent the development of resistance must be taken into account. The latter is related to the PK/PD parameters, the mutant prevention concentration and the so-called selection window. More recently, the potential ecological impact has grown in importance, not only on the intestinal microbiota, but also on the respiratory one. Maintaining the state of eubiosis requires the use of antimicrobials with a low profile of action on anaerobic bacteria. With their use, the resilience of the bacterial populations belonging to the microbiota, the state of resistance of colonization and the collateral damage related to the emergence of resistance to the antimicrobials in pathogens causing the infections and in the bacterial populations integrating the microbiota.

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The Gut Microbiota and Respiratory Diseases: New Evidence

Cited by 149 publications

References 143 publications

Interplay between severities of COVID-19 and the gut microbiome: implications of bacterial co-infections?

Interplay between severities of COVID-19 and the gut microbiome: implications of bacterial co-infections?

Low lung function in the developing world is analogous to stunting: a review of the evidence

Current microbiological aspects of community respiratory infection beyond COVID-19

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