The Gut Microbiome, Energy Homeostasis, and Implications for Hypertension

Riedl, Ruth A; Atkinson, Samantha N; Burnett, Colin M.L.; Grobe, Justin L; Kirby, John R.

doi:10.1007/s11906-017-0721-6

Cited by 44 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In particular, digestion of dietary fibre by the GM produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) including acetate, propionate and butyrate. These SCFAs are thought to affect the function of the immune system, epithelial cells, blood vessels and nervous system and may underlie the reductions in hypertension risk that are associated with fibre-rich diets 103,106 . Although production of SCFAs provides a plausible link between the GM and BP regulation, limited direct evidence exists for a cause-and-effect relationship in obesity-induced hypertension.…”

Section: Gut Hormones and The Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity, kidney dysfunction and hypertension: mechanistic links

et al. 2019

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Excessive adiposity raises blood pressure and accounts for 65-75% of primary hypertension, which is a major driver of cardiovascular and kidney diseases. In obesity, abnormal kidney function and associated increases in tubular sodium reabsorption initiate hypertension, which is often mild before the development of target organ injury. Factors that contribute to increased sodium reabsorption in obesity include kidney compression by visceral, perirenal and renal sinus fat; increased renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA); increased levels of anti-natriuretic hormones, such as angiotensin II and aldosterone; and adipokines, particularly leptin. The renal and neurohormonal pathways of obesity and hypertension are intertwined. For example, leptin increases RSNA by stimulating the central nervous system proopiomelanocortin-melanocortin 4 receptor pathway, and kidney compression and RSNA contribute to renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation. Glucocorticoids and/or oxidative stress may also contribute to mineralocorticoid receptor activation in obesity. Prolonged obesity and progressive renal injury often lead to the development of treatment-resistant hypertension. Patient management therefore often requires multiple antihypertensive drugs and concurrent treatment of dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, diabetes and inflammation. If more effective strategies for the prevention and control of obesity are not developed, cardiorenal, metabolic and other obesity-associated diseases could overwhelm health-care systems in the future. Obesity and its adverse consequences are major burdens to health-care systems worldwide 1. The Global Burden of Disease study, which includes data from 195 countries, reports that

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Section: Gut Hormones and The Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity, kidney dysfunction and hypertension: mechanistic links

et al. 2019

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“…The human microbiota is composed of bacteria, fungi, and viruses, whose total population exceeds that of the host cells, and whose metabolic contribution to our state of health is essential [ 193 , 194 , 195 ]. From here on, the prefix ‘micro’ will be used to refer exclusively to prokaryotic organisms.…”

Section: Interplay Between Dietary Products and The Host Microbiommentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Products for the Treatment of Autoimmune Arthritis: Their Mechanisms of Action, Targeted Delivery, and Interplay with the Host Microbiome

Dudics

Langan

Meka

et al. 2018

IJMS

122

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, debilitating illness characterized by painful swelling of the joints, inflammation of the synovial lining of the joints, and damage to cartilage and bone. Several anti-inflammatory and disease-modifying drugs are available for RA therapy. However, the prolonged use of these drugs is associated with severe side effects. Furthermore, these drugs are effective only in a proportion of RA patients. Hence, there is a need to search for new therapeutic agents that are effective yet safe. Interestingly, a variety of herbs and other natural products offer a vast resource for such anti-arthritic agents. We discuss here the basic features of RA pathogenesis; the commonly used animal models of RA; the mainstream drugs used for RA; the use of well-characterized natural products possessing anti-arthritic activity; the application of nanoparticles for efficient delivery of such products; and the interplay between dietary products and the host microbiome for maintenance of health and disease induction. We believe that with several advances in the past decade in the characterization and functional studies of natural products, the stage is set for widespread clinical testing and/or use of these products for the treatment of RA and other diseases.

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“…9,10 Furthermore, diseases previously attributed to lifestyle such as obesity, coronary heart disease, depression, and cognitive dysfunction are all now claimed as microbiota related. [11][12][13] Therefore, because OSA has been associated with compelling epidemiologic links to many, if not all, of these gut microbiota functional or morbid abnormalities (especially the cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities), it is legitimate to expect that either OSA, or at least one of its two major constitutive elements (namely IH or disrupted patterns of sleep), will also be linked to such phenotypes via induced changes in gut microbial communities.…”

Section: The Microbiome and Human Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep Apnea Morbidity

Farré

Gozal

2018

Chest

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OSA has emerged as a highly prevalent public health problem that imposes important mid- and long-term consequences, namely cardiovascular, metabolic, cognitive, and cancer-related alterations. OSA is characterized by increased upper airway resistance, alveolar hypoventilation, and recurrent upper airway obstruction during sleep. Recurrent collapse of the upper airway develops with sleep onset and is associated with both intermittent hypoxemia and sleep fragmentation. The microbiome is a vast and complex polymicrobial ecosystem that coexists with the human organism, and it has been identified as playing significant roles in the development of host immunologic phenotypes. In humans and animal models, changes in gut microbial communities occur with lifestyle behaviors, such as smoking, long-distance travel, dietary preferences, physical exercise, and circadian rhythm disturbances. In parallel, diseases previously attributed in part to lifestyle such as obesity, coronary heart disease, depression, and asthma (also associated with OSA) are now claimed as microbiota related. We therefore posit that altered patterns of sleep and oxygenation, as seen in OSA, will promote specific alterations in gut microbiota that in turn will elicit the immunologic alterations that lead to OSA-induced end-organ morbidities. The present article assesses the potential mechanistic links between OSA-induced changes in gut microbiota and its morbid phenotypes.

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The Gut Microbiome, Energy Homeostasis, and Implications for Hypertension

Cited by 44 publications

References 57 publications

Obesity, kidney dysfunction and hypertension: mechanistic links

Obesity, kidney dysfunction and hypertension: mechanistic links

Natural Products for the Treatment of Autoimmune Arthritis: Their Mechanisms of Action, Targeted Delivery, and Interplay with the Host Microbiome

Sleep Apnea Morbidity

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