The gut microbiome and aquatic toxicology: An emerging concept for environmental health

Adamovský, Ondřej; Buerger, A.; Wormington, Alexis M.; Ector, Naomi; Griffitt, Robert J.; Bisesi, Joseph H.; Martyniuk, Christopher J.

doi:10.1002/etc.4249

Cited by 111 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 165 publications

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“…Recent work has investigated the influence of microplastics on organismal microbiomes. The importance of microbiomes to nutrition and disease protection is well recognized in fishes (Adamovsky et al, ; Llewellyn et al, ) and humans (Shreiner et al, ). As previously discussed, microplastic surfaces may develop novel biofilm microbiomes, potentially leading to specific microbial‐mediated consequences (Zettler et al, ).…”

Section: Microplastic Uptake and Consequences In Biotamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Global Perspective on Microplastics

Hale¹,

Seeley²,

Guardia³

et al. 2020

JGR Oceans

673

270

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Society has become increasingly reliant on plastics since commercial production began in about 1950. Their versatility, stability, light weight, and low production costs have fueled global demand. Most plastics are initially used and discarded on land. Nonetheless, the amount of microplastics in some oceanic compartments is predicted to double by 2030. To solve this global problem, we must understand plastic composition, physical forms, uses, transport, and fragmentation into microplastics (and nanoplastics). Plastic debris/microplastics arise from land disposal, wastewater treatment, tire wear, paint failure, textile washing, and at-sea losses. Riverine and atmospheric transport, storm water, and disasters facilitate releases. In surface waters plastics/microplastics weather, biofoul, aggregate, and sink, are ingested by organisms and redistributed by currents. Ocean sediments are likely the ultimate destination. Plastics release additives, concentrate environmental contaminants, and serve as substrates for biofilms, including exotic and pathogenic species. Microplastic abundance increases as fragment size decreases, as does the proportion of organisms capable of ingesting them. Particles <20 μm may penetrate cell membranes, exacerbating risks. Exposure can compromise feeding, metabolic processes, reproduction, and behavior. But more investigation is required to draw definitive conclusions. Human ingestion of contaminated seafood and water is a concern. Microplastics indoors present yet uncharacterized risks, magnified by the time we spend inside (>90%) and the abundance of polymeric products therein. Scientific challenges include improving microplastic sampling and characterization approaches, understanding long-term behavior, additive bioavailability, and organismal and ecosystem health risks. Solutions include improving globally based pollution prevention, developing degradable polymers and additives, and reducing consumption/expanding plastic reuse.

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Section: Microplastic Uptake and Consequences In Biotamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Global Perspective on Microplastics

Hale¹,

Seeley²,

Guardia³

et al. 2020

JGR Oceans

673

270

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Data on effects of environmental contaminants on microbiomes has been published over the last years, with a focus on animal gut-associated bacteria (19)(20)(21)(22). Published studies include controlled exposure of model organisms to various types of contaminants including pesticides, antibiotics, heavy metals, xenobiotics, or nanoparticles (23,24).…”

Section: The Microbiome Responds To and Interacts With Contaminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome-Aware Ecotoxicology of Organisms: Relevance, Pitfalls, and Challenges

Duperron

Halary

Gallet

et al. 2020

Front. Public Health

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Over the last 15 years, the advent of high-throughput "omics" techniques has revealed the multiple roles and interactions occurring among hosts, their microbial partners and their environment. This microbiome revolution has radically changed our views of biology, evolution, and individuality. Sitting at the interface between a host and its environment, the microbiome is a relevant yet understudied compartment for ecotoxicology research. Various recent works confirm that the microbiome reacts to and interacts with contaminants, with consequences for hosts and ecosystems. In this paper, we thus advocate for the development of a "microbiome-aware ecotoxicology" of organisms. We emphasize its relevance and discuss important conceptual and technical pitfalls associated with study design and interpretation. We identify topics such as functionality, quantification, temporality, resilience, interactions, and prediction as major challenges and promising venues for microbiome research applied to ecotoxicology.

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“…Interactions between the microbiome and the mucosal immune system or the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) play a critical role in the tolerance of intestinal microbiome and its specific antigens by host-defense systems to avoid permanent inflammatory states [48]. There are indications that exposure to the cyanobacterial toxin microcystin-LR alters the taxonomic composition of the microbiome, as well as the expression of functional genes in the GIT of mammals (mice, rats) [49,50].…”

Section: The Gastrointestinal System and Its Link To The Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cyanobacterial toxins on the human gastrointestinal tract and the mucosal innate immune system

et al. 2019

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Background: Cyanobacterial blooms occur with increasing frequency in freshwater ecosystems, posing a hazard to human and environmental health. Exposure of human to cyanobacterial metabolites occurs mostly via accidental ingestion through contaminated drinking water or during recreational activities and, most frequently, results in gastrointestinal symptoms. Despite the clinical manifestation, cyanobacterial metabolites are rather investigated for their toxicity towards specific organs or tissues, especially hepato-, nephro-, and neurotoxicity, than for effects on the gastrointestinal tract and the associated lymphoid tissue. Main body: The aim of this review was to systematically summarize available literature on the effects on the gastrointestinal tract and the mucosal innate immune system and compile the data from both, in vitro and in vivo studies, focusing on human health-relevant models. Our systematic literature review revealed significant data gaps in the understanding on metabolites breaching the gastrointestinal barrier and the role of the immune system in the establishment of clinical symptoms. Microcystins and cylindrospermopsin were linked to gastrointestinal symptoms, immune system effects, or both. Furthermore, cyanobacterial bloom lipopolysaccharides, other less studied metabolites and their mixtures have been also implicated to have a role in gastrointestinal inflammation. Conclusion: The collected data indicate the need for a reassessment of potential enterotoxicity of microcystins and cylindrospermopsin. In addition, the carcinogenic potential of cyanotoxins, especially microcystins, has to be clarified, as an increasing amount of epidemiological studies show correlations between cyanobacterial blooms and gastrointestinal cancer incidence. Furthermore, other, often highly abundant bioactive metabolites such as aeruginosins, have to be toxicologically evaluated at distinct levels also accounting for (sub-)chronic exposure to low concentrations and in combination with naturally co-occurring metabolites, which can be expected in drinking water supplies.

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The gut microbiome and aquatic toxicology: An emerging concept for environmental health

Cited by 111 publications

References 165 publications

A Global Perspective on Microplastics

A Global Perspective on Microplastics

Microbiome-Aware Ecotoxicology of Organisms: Relevance, Pitfalls, and Challenges

Effects of cyanobacterial toxins on the human gastrointestinal tract and the mucosal innate immune system

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