The gut-immune-brain axis in neurodevelopment and neurological disorders

Park, John Chulhoon; Im, Sungbin

doi:10.20517/mrr.2022.11

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…Indeed, there are examples of expression similarity such as claudin-1, claudin-12, ZO-1, ZO-2 (TJs) or VE-cadherin and α- or β-catenin (AJs), both in the brain and in the gut (Scalise et al, 2021 ). The BBB anatomy enables the ionic and metabolic exchange homeostasis, proper neurotransmitter uptake and signaling mediation, and the whole barrier integrity, while the TJs and AJs between adjacent cells restrict paracellular transport and protect the brain parenchyma from unwanted hydrophilic particles passage (Scalise et al, 2021 ; Park and Im, 2022 ). In turn, the GVB adjusts its permeability to the current state of the intestinal environment and allows the passage of needed molecules while maintaining protection from adverse molecules.…”

Section: Gut Barriers and The Blood-brain Barriermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, in homeostatic condition highly specific adaptive immune response evolves throughout the host's lifespan and includes T and B lymphocytes. In a recent study, the CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes were observed in the brain and accessed brain parenchyma, leading to BBB altered permeability, and neuroinflammation (Park and Im, 2022 ).…”

Section: Focusing On the Immune System- Related Signaling Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stress and the gut-brain axis: an inflammatory perspective

Morys,

Małecki,

Nowacka-Chmielewska

2024

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

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The gut-brain axis (GBA) plays a dominant role in maintaining homeostasis as well as contributes to mental health maintenance. The pathways that underpin the axis expand from macroscopic interactions with the nervous system, to the molecular signals that include microbial metabolites, tight junction protein expression, or cytokines released during inflammation. The dysfunctional GBA has been repeatedly linked to the occurrence of anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors development. The importance of the inflammatory aspects of the altered GBA has recently been highlighted in the literature. Here we summarize current reports on GBA signaling which involves the immune response within the intestinal and blood-brain barrier (BBB). We also emphasize the effect of stress response on altering barriers' permeability, and the therapeutic potential of microbiota restoration by probiotic administration or microbiota transplantation, based on the latest animal studies. Most research performed on various stress models showed an association between anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors, dysbiosis of gut microbiota, and disruption of intestinal permeability with simultaneous changes in BBB integrity. It could be postulated that under stress conditions impaired communication across BBB may therefore represent a significant mechanism allowing the gut microbiota to affect brain functions.

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Section: Gut Barriers and The Blood-brain Barriermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Focusing On the Immune System- Related Signaling Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress and the gut-brain axis: an inflammatory perspective

Morys,

Małecki,

Nowacka-Chmielewska

2024

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

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Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota from the Perspective of the Gut–Brain Axis: Role in the Provocation of Neurological Disorders

et al. 2022

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The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication network connecting the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system. The axis keeps track of gastrointestinal activities and integrates them to connect gut health to higher cognitive parts of the brain. Disruption in this connection may facilitate various neurological and gastrointestinal problems. Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive dysfunction of specific populations of neurons, determining clinical presentation. Misfolded protein aggregates that cause cellular toxicity and that aid in the collapse of cellular proteostasis are a defining characteristic of neurodegenerative proteinopathies. These disorders are not only caused by changes in the neural compartment but also due to other factors of non-neural origin. Mounting data reveal that the majority of gastrointestinal (GI) physiologies and mechanics are governed by the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, the gut microbiota plays a critical role in the regulation and physiological function of the brain, although the mechanism involved has not yet been fully interpreted. One of the emerging explanations of the start and progression of many neurodegenerative illnesses is dysbiosis of the gut microbial makeup. The present understanding of the literature surrounding the relationship between intestinal dysbiosis and the emergence of certain neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis, is the main emphasis of this review. The potential entry pathway of the pathogen-associated secretions and toxins into the CNS compartment has been explored in this article at the outset of neuropathology. We have also included the possible mechanism of undelaying the synergistic effect of infections, their metabolites, and other interactions based on the current understanding.

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The gut-immune-brain axis in neurodevelopment and neurological disorders

Cited by 2 publications

References 121 publications

Stress and the gut-brain axis: an inflammatory perspective

Stress and the gut-brain axis: an inflammatory perspective

Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota from the Perspective of the Gut–Brain Axis: Role in the Provocation of Neurological Disorders

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