The gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.): An immunocytochemical analysis

Rombout, J.H.W.M.; Taverne-Thiele, Anja J.; Villena, M. I.

doi:10.1016/0145-305x(93)90015-i

Cited by 143 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This mechanism of transcytosis leads the antigens to enter the circulation where they encounter immune cells and components for further recognition and/or degradation as observed in common carp [29]. In this study we observed that all the WSSV-antigens are transported to the inter-cellular space, and suggest that most of these antigens successfully escape the endo-lysosomal compartment.…”

Section: Uptake and Processing Of Wssv-antigenssupporting

confidence: 55%

Truncated VP28 as oral vaccine candidate against WSSV infection in shrimp: An uptake and processing study in the midgut of Penaeus monodon

Kulkarni

Rombout

Singh

et al. 2013

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

a b s t r a c tSeveral oral vaccination studies have been undertaken to evoke a better protection against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), a major shrimp pathogen. Formalin-inactivated virus and WSSV envelope protein VP28 were suggested as candidate vaccine components, but their uptake mechanism upon oral delivery was not elucidated. In this study the fate of these components and of live WSSV, orally intubated to black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) was investigated by immunohistochemistry, employing antibodies specific for VP28 and haemocytes. The midgut has been identified as the most prominent site of WSSV uptake and processing. The truncated recombinant VP28 (rec-VP28), formalin-inactivated virus (IVP) and live WSSV follow an identical uptake route suggested as receptor-mediated endocytosis that starts with adherence of luminal antigens at the apical layers of gut epithelium. Processing of internalized antigens is performed in endo-lysosomal compartments leading to formation of supra-nuclear vacuoles. However, the majority of WSSV-antigens escape these compartments and are transported to the inter-cellular space via transcytosis. Accumulation of the transcytosed antigens in the connective tissue initiates aggregation and degranulation of haemocytes. Finally the antigens exiting the midgut seem to reach the haemolymph. The nearly identical uptake pattern of the different WSSV-antigens suggests that receptors on the apical membrane of shrimp enterocytes recognize rec-VP28 efficiently. Hence the truncated VP28 can be considered suitable for oral vaccination, when the digestion in the foregut can be bypassed.

show abstract

Section: Uptake and Processing Of Wssv-antigenssupporting

confidence: 55%

Truncated VP28 as oral vaccine candidate against WSSV infection in shrimp: An uptake and processing study in the midgut of Penaeus monodon

Kulkarni

Rombout

Singh

et al. 2013

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Rather than to actual differences, it has been speculated that some of these number variations are due to technical problems, including differences in antibody affinity or reactivity in the case of immunohistochemical studies or problems in the release of B cells from the connective tissue in the case of lymphocyte isolation from the gut segments. For example, abundant numbers of IgM + B cells were found in the LP of carp through immunofluorescence, while isolated leukocytes from carp intestine mainly consisted in IgM -cells [6]. In rainbow trout, the numbers of IgM + cells reported to date in the final gut segments has always been low [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pyloric caeca area is a major site for IgM+ and IgT+ B cell recruitment in response to oral vaccination in rainbow trout

Ballesteros¹,

Saint-Jean²,

Pérez-Prieto³

et al. 2013

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although previous studies have characterized some aspects of the immune response of the teleost gut in response to diverse pathogens or stimuli, most studies have focused on the posterior segments exclusively. However, there are still many details of how teleost intestinal immunity is regulated that remain unsolved, including the location of IgM + and IgT + B cells along the digestive tract and their role during the course of a local stimulus. Thus, in the current work, we have studied the B cell response in five different segments of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) digestive tract in both naïve fish and fish orally vaccinated with an alginate-encapsulated DNA vaccine against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV). IgM + and IgT + cells were identified all along the tract with the exception of the stomach in naïve fish. While IgM + cells were mostly located in the lamina propria (LP), IgT + cells were primarily localized as intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs). Scattered IgM + IELs were only detected in the pyloric caeca. In response to oral vaccination, the pyloric caeca region was the area of the digestive tract in which a major recruitment of B cells was demonstrated through both real time PCR and immunohistochemistry, observing a significant increase in the number of both IgM + and IgT + IELs. Our findings demonstrate that both IgM + and IgT + respond to oral stimulation and challenge the paradigm that teleost IELs are exclusively T cells. Unexpectedly, we have also detected B cells in the fat tissue associated to the digestive tract that respond to vaccination, suggesting that these cells surrounded by adipocytes also play a role in mucosal defense.

show abstract

“…Cells with lymphoid morphology residing between gut epithelial cells have been observed in rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) (15), carp (Cyprinus carpio) (16), sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) (17), and several other teleost species. Although some plankton-eating species such as the sea horse may have lost gut lymphoid populations during their evolution (18), these cells, named IELs, are probably present in the gut epithelium of most bony fish species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and Functional Similarity of Gut Intraepithelial and Systemic T Cells in a Teleost Fish

Bernard

Six

Rigottier-Gois

et al. 2006

The Journal of Immunology

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gut-associated lymphocytes were described in fish, but their involvement in immune responses is still unknown. In rainbow trout, intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are scattered between gut epithelial cells, but neither Peyer’s patches nor mesenteric lymph nodes were identified. Rainbow trout IELs contain mainly T cells, because they expressed transcripts of T cell marker homologs of CD8, CD4, CD28, CD3ε, TCRζ, TCRγ, and TCRβ and lacked IgM. However, trout IELs did not show specific homing to the gut mucosa, which in mammals defines IELs as a distinctive mucosal population. A detailed analysis of the TCRβ repertoire of rainbow trout IELs was performed in both naive and virus-infected animals. TCRβ transcripts of rainbow trout IELs were highly diverse and polyclonal in adult naive individuals, in sharp contrast with the restricted diversity of IEL oligoclonal repertoires described in birds and mammals. Significant modifications of the trout IEL TCRβ repertoire were observed after a systemic infection with a fish rhabdovirus and were especially marked for Vβ4-bearing receptors as previously reported for spleen cells. Thus, we could not find any specific properties of the trout IEL TCRβ repertoire compared with the spleen and pronephros TCRβ repertoire, which questions the reality of a distinct IEL compartment in teleosts. Our findings suggest that a highly diversified αβ ΤCR repertoire is maintained in fish IELs in the absence of Peyer’s patches and mesenteric lymph nodes, whereas the restricted diversity of mouse αβ IELs is attributed to multiple cycles of activation and recirculation, allowing a progressive narrowing of the repertoire.

show abstract

The gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.): An immunocytochemical analysis

Cited by 143 publications

References 16 publications

Truncated VP28 as oral vaccine candidate against WSSV infection in shrimp: An uptake and processing study in the midgut of Penaeus monodon

Truncated VP28 as oral vaccine candidate against WSSV infection in shrimp: An uptake and processing study in the midgut of Penaeus monodon

The pyloric caeca area is a major site for IgM+ and IgT+ B cell recruitment in response to oral vaccination in rainbow trout

Phenotypic and Functional Similarity of Gut Intraepithelial and Systemic T Cells in a Teleost Fish

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About