The Gustave Roussy Immune (GRIm)-Score Variation Is an Early-on-Treatment Biomarker of Outcome in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients Treated with First-Line Pembrolizumab

Lenci, E.; Cantini, Luca; Pecci, Federica; Cognigni, Valeria; Agostinelli, Veronica; Mentrasti, Giulia; Lupi, Alessio; Ranallo, Nicoletta; Paoloni, Francesco; Rinaldi, Silvia; Nicolardi, Linda; Caglio, Andrea; Aerts, Sophie; Cortellini, Alessio; Ficorella, Corrado; Chiari, Rita; Maïo, Massimo Di; Dingemans, Anne‐Marie C.; Aerts, Joachim; Berardi, Rossana

doi:10.3390/jcm10051005

Cited by 32 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The TIDE dysfunction score, which is related to tumor immune evasion, is an effective indicator of immunotherapy response and resistance ( 15 ). The GRIm-score is based on patients’ NLR and albumin serum levels, and GRIm-score at 45 days since the patients’ first pembrolizumab injection has been shown to be an effective biomarker of clinical outcomes in NSCLC ( 16 ). LIPS-3 is a prognostic classification of patients receiving first-line PD-1 inhibitor for PD-L1 ≥ 50% NSCLC ( 17 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Lung Immune Prognostic Index in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated With Systemic Therapy: A Retrospective Study and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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The lung immune prognostic index (LIPI) has been shown to be an important prognostic marker for various tumors. However, the prognostic value of LIPI among non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with systemic therapy remains controversial. We aimed to evaluate survival status according to LIPI among NSCLC patients receiving different forms of systemic therapy at our institution. We also performed a meta-analysis of articles from PubMed and Embase to illustrate this question. For our cohort, we found that good LIPI was associated with better overall survival (OS) among 91 patients on immunotherapy, 329 patients on targeted therapy, and 570 patients on chemotherapy. For the meta-analysis, a total of eight studies with 8,721 patients were included. Pooled results showed that a higher LIPI (those with 1 or 2 factors) was associated with poor overall progression-free survival (PFS) (hazard ratio [HR], 1.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.45−1.71) and OS (HR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.75−2.31). Subgroup analyses showed that a higher LIPI was related to poor survival among patients prescribed different systemic therapies: immunotherapy (OS HR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.99–3.13; PFS HR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.56–2.01), chemotherapy (OS HR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.34–1.86; PFS HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.23–1.55), and targeted therapy (OS HR; 2.15, 95% CI, 1.57–2.96; PFS HR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.25–2.06). The study shows that the LIPI is a clinically significant prognostic factor for NSCLC patients receiving systemic therapy.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD420209009.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Lung Immune Prognostic Index in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated With Systemic Therapy: A Retrospective Study and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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“…The method of selecting SCLC patients who could respond to immunotherapy remains unclear. Inflammatory markers have been found to be correlated with the survival of patients with lung cancer(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34). The LIPI, calculated by dNLR and LDH, has been investigated as a prognostic factor for lung cancer.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prognostic Value of the Pretreatment Lung Immune Prognostic Index in Advanced Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated With First-Line PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors Plus Chemotherapy

Yan

et al. 2021

Front. Oncol.

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BackgroundLung immune prognostic index (LIPI) refers to a biomarker combining derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Its prognostic effect on advanced small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients receiving programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment remains unclear. Our research investigated the relationship between pretreatment LIPI and the prognosis of patients receiving first-line PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy.MethodsAdvanced SCLC patients receiving PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment from Jan 2015 to Oct 2020 were included. Based on the values of dNLR and LDH, the study population was divided into two groups: LIPI good and LIPI intermediate/poor. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compute the median survival time and the log-rank test was used to compare the two groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine the correlation between the pretreatment LIPI and clinical outcomes.ResultsOne hundred patients were included in this study, of which, 64% were LIPI good (dNLR < 4.0 and LDH < 283 U/L), 11% were LIPI poor (dNLR ≥ 4.0 and LDH ≥ 283 U/L), and the remaining 25% were LIPI intermediate. The LIPI good group had better progression-free survival (PFS) (median: 8.4 vs 4.7 months, p = 0.02) and overall survival (OS) (median: 23.8 vs 13.3 months, p = 0.0006) than the LIPI intermediate/poor group. Multivariate analysis showed that pretreatment LIPI intermediate/poor was an independent risk factor for OS (HR: 2.34; 95%CI, 1.13, 4.86; p = 0.02). Subgroup analysis showed that pretreatment LIPI good was associated with better PFS and OS in males, extensive disease (ED), PD-1 inhibitor treatment, smokers, and liver metastasis (p < 0.05).ConclusionsPretreatment LIPI could serve as a prognostic biomarker for advanced SCLC patients receiving first-line PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy.

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“…GRIm-Score is based on serum lactate dehydrogenase, NLR and serum albumin, and proven to be a potent prognostic index associated with the overall survival (OS) of cancer patients. The prognostic significance of preoperative GRIm-Score also has been validated in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (10)(11)(12), small cell lung cancer (13), and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (14). However, little is known whether the high GRIm-Score is remarkably associated with less favorable outcomes in patients with CRC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gustave Roussy Immune Score as a Novel Prognostic Scoring System for Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis

et al. 2021

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AimThe Gustave Roussy Immune Score (GRIm-Score) was originally designed to select cancer patients for immunotherapy, and later was reported to be a novel prognostic scoring system in lung cancer and esophageal cancer. This study was aimed to determine the prognostic role and predictive performance of GRIm-Score in colorectal cancer (CRC) CRC patients.MethodsWe conducted a single-institution study of 1,579 adult CRC patients receiving surgical removal, and those patients were divided into low GRIm-Score group (scores 0, 1) and high GRIm-Score group (scores 2, 3). Propensity score matching (PSM) was executed to balance the potential confounding factors between the two groups. Survival and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (Td-ROC) analyses were applied to depict the prognostic role and predictive significance of GRIm-Score in CRC patients.ResultsThere were 200 cases CRC patients in high GRIm-Score group and 1,379 cases in low GRIm-Score group. CRC patients with high GRIm-Score correspond with higher level of CEA, CA125, and inflammatory indexes, such as NLR, PLR, SII, PNI, and ALRI. Correlation analysis exhibited that GRIm-Score correlated well with the established inflammatory indexes. Survival analysis revealed that CRC patients in high GRIm-Score group showed worse overall survival (OS, P <0.0001) and disease-free survival (DFS, P <0.0001) compared with those in low GRIm-Score group. Results from multivariate Cox regression implicated that high GRIm-Score was not only a potent prognostic index for unfavorable OS (HR = 1.622, 95%CI: 1.118–2.355, P = 0.0109), but also a potent risk factor for worse DFS (HR = 1.743, 95%CI: 1.188–2.558, P = 0.0045). Td-ROC analysis demonstrated that GRIm-Score exhibited the superior discriminatory power in the prediction of OS and DFS when compared to SII, PNI, and ALRI. Such strong associations between high levels of preoperative GRIm-Score and unfavorable survival outcomes remained robust after PSM analysis.ConclusionGRIm-Score, a novel inflammatory and nutritional risk scoring system, is a potent prognostic index in CRC patients receiving surgical removal. GRIm-Score can be used as an effective and simplified risk stratification tool for postoperative survival prediction of CRC patients.

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The Gustave Roussy Immune (GRIm)-Score Variation Is an Early-on-Treatment Biomarker of Outcome in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients Treated with First-Line Pembrolizumab

Cited by 32 publications

References 40 publications

Evaluation of the Lung Immune Prognostic Index in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated With Systemic Therapy: A Retrospective Study and Meta-Analysis

Evaluation of the Lung Immune Prognostic Index in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated With Systemic Therapy: A Retrospective Study and Meta-Analysis

Prognostic Value of the Pretreatment Lung Immune Prognostic Index in Advanced Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated With First-Line PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors Plus Chemotherapy

Gustave Roussy Immune Score as a Novel Prognostic Scoring System for Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis

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