The Guinea-Pig Placenta

Kaufmann, Peter; Davidoff, M

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-66618-6

Cited by 100 publications

(83 citation statements)

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“…at placental insufficiency). The presented results are in accordance with the anatomical findings of KAUFMANN and DAVI-DOFF [7,8]: In the interlobium fetal capillaries are rare but many of the enzymes are found, which are necessary for metabolic functions (e.g. synthesis of proteins and steroids).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Because the maternal and fetal metabolism are excluded, this model is appropriate for studying transport problems through the placental membranes.· The guinea pig placenta is often used, because it is like the human a hemochorial placenta. There is, however, a difference between the two Organs, äs far äs the circulations are concerned: in the human placenta there is a multivillous and in the guinea pig placenta a countercurrent flow system [l, 2,5,8,14]. The guinea pig placenta consists of subunits with probably different tasks: there are areas for exchange functions (lobulus) and others, that are committed mainly to metabolic functions (interlobium) [7], Because the interlobium has an abundant supply with maternal vessels, but only few fetal capillaries, it can be anticipated, that the products of the metabolism of the placenta are excreted in different quantities into the maternal and fetal veins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The metabolism of the isolated artificially perfused guinea pig placenta. II. Difference of excretion of hydrogen ions, ammonia, carbon dioxide and lactate into maternal and fetal veins

Carstensen¹,

Leichtweiß²,

Schröder³

1982

Journal of Perinatal Medicine

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The metabolism of the isolated artificially perfused guinea pig placenta. II. Difference of excretion of hydrogen ions, ammonia, carbon dioxide and lactate into maternal and fetal veins

Carstensen¹,

Leichtweiß²,

Schröder³

1982

Journal of Perinatal Medicine

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“…Unlike other laboratory rodents, the guinea pig has a long gestational period. The placental endocrine control and fetal and neonatal endocrine profiles of the guinea pig are comparable to that of the human, making it a particularly suitable model for studying human endocrine function and behavior during pregnancy and early extrauterine life (21,22). The guinea pig is also more precocious than other species of small laboratory animals, with neonates having a highly developed central nervous system, and is thus again more comparable to the human neonate than rat or mouse neonates in terms of perinatal adaptations, because the majority of brain development takes place in utero.…”

Section: Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The guinea pig as an animal model for studying perinatal changes in microvascular function

et al. 2011

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INTRODUCTION: Microvascular dysfunction, characterized by inappropriate vasodilatation and high blood flow in the peripheral microcirculation, is linked to physiologic instability and poor outcome in neonates. specifically, preterm neonates have significantly higher levels of baseline microvascular blood flow than term neonates at 24 h postnatal age. Because of similarities between human and guinea pig endocrine profiles and maturity at birth, we hypothesized that preterm guinea pig neonates would provide a suitable model for studying the mechanisms underlying transitional microvascular function. RESULTS: Guinea pigs that were delivered preterm showed immaturity and had markedly reduced viability. Baseline microvascular blood flow was significantly higher in preterm animals than in term animals. No effect of intrauterine growth restriction or birth weight on baseline microvascular blood flow was observed in either preterm or term animals. DISCUSSION: These results are consistent with recent clinical findings and support the use of the guinea pig as a suitable model for future studies of the mechanisms underlying perinatal microvascular behavior. METHODS: Guinea pigs were delivered either prematurely or at term. Laser Doppler flowmetry was used to study microvascular blood flow at 23 h postnatal age. In term infants, the circulation undergoes rapid and extensive changes in the initial hours of extrauterine life to allow the infant to effectively deal with extrauterine systemic vascular resistance and hence provide normal and adequate perfusion of tissues (1-3). The transitional circulation of preterm neonates (especially those born at ≤30 wk gestation) differs significantly from infants born at full term. In the preterm infant, several crucial physiologic responses to extrauterine life are commonly delayed, allowing for persistence of atrial and ductal shunting and inappropriate blood flow throughout the periphery during the perinatal period (4)(5)(6)(7)(8).Previous studies in preterm infants suggest that abnormal microvascular tone, characterized by inappropriate vasodilatation of the peripheral microvasculature, may contribute to the development of circulatory compromise (4,8). These studies found that the functional integrity of the microvasculature (including appropriate control of vasodilatation) in preterm neonates is significantly altered as compared with neonates born at later gestational ages (GAs). Very preterm neonates (born at 24-28 wk GA) are known to have significantly higher microvascular blood flow at 24 h postnatal age than preterm neonates born at 29-34 wk GA and neonates born at term. High baseline microvascular blood flow in premature infants is significantly correlated with clinical illness severity and poor outcome in the immediate postnatal period (4,9). Such dysfunction in the microvasculature is also a well-established observation associated with the onset of other causes of multisystem organ failure in neonates (10).In addition to disorders relating to short gestation, intrauterine growt...

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“…Of all the rodent placentas, guinea pig placenta resembles the human placenta most closely. Both species have a discoidal placenta, trophoblasts invade the uterus into the endometrium and inner third of the myometrium, and the maternal blood spaces are lined by one layer of trophoblasts during the later stages of pregnancy (19,27). In addition to forming a physical barrier between maternal and fetal circulation, trophoblasts seem to play a role in the innate immune response to infection.…”

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confidence: 99%