The guinea pig eye

Williams, David L.

doi:10.1002/9781118709627.ch5

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Guinea pigs with conjunctivitis as a result of Bordetella bronchiseptica infection often develop concurrent respiratory and systemic signs of illness necessitating supportive therapy as well as systemic antibiotic therapy based on culture and susceptibility results . Other differential diagnoses for conjunctivitis in guinea pigs include non‐infectious causes such as vitamin C deficiency, which is a potentially severe condition in this species …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…The presence of Chlamydia caviae or Bordetella specie s, both known to cause conjunctivitis in guinea pigs were not identified in this study group of guinea pigs. Should Chlamydia be detected or suspected, topical tetracycline ointment or oral doxycycline may be considered a reasonable treatment option . Guinea pigs with conjunctivitis as a result of Bordetella bronchiseptica infection often develop concurrent respiratory and systemic signs of illness necessitating supportive therapy as well as systemic antibiotic therapy based on culture and susceptibility results .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ocular findings and selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests in a group of young commercially available Guinea and Skinny pigs (Cavia porcellus)

Henriksen

Grant

et al. 2019

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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Objective The purpose of this study is to evaluate a group of young commercially available Skinny pigs, to gain information regarding ocular findings in this breed of guinea pig. Comparisons of ocular findings are to be made between Skinny pigs and haired guinea pigs. Animal studied Ten haired guinea pigs and ten Skinny pigs were examined. Procedure A complete ophthalmic examination including Schirmer tear test‐II (STT‐II), phenol red thread test (PRTT), rebound tonometry with TonoVet PLUS, Fluorescein and Rose Bengal stain was performed. Microbiology swabs for aerobic bacterial growth were collected from conjunctiva of both eyes prior to the ophthalmic examination. Results The ophthalmic examination revealed seven abnormal ocular findings: trichiasis, mucopurulent discharge, hyperemia/chemosis of the conjunctiva, corneal fibrosis, corneal vascularization, and foreign body on the cornea or conjunctiva. Skinny pigs had a significantly higher amount of mucopurulent discharge (P = .0133) and a significantly higher STT‐II (P < .001) than haired guinea pigs. Although not significant, trichiasis, keratitis with corneal vascularization, and foreign body presence were more common in Skinny pigs. Significantly more Skinny pigs had Pasteurellaceae isolated from their conjunctiva than haired guinea pigs (P = .0112). Antimicrobial susceptibility for the five Pasteurellaceae organisms isolated revealed susceptibility toward oxytetracycline, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin, whereas resistance was found toward erythromycin, trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole, and moxifloxacin. Conclusion Young Skinny pigs have a higher risk of Pasteurellaceae‐associated conjunctivitis. Oxytetracycline, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin were identified as topical antibiotics that may be useful for Pasteurellaceae‐associated conjunctivitis in Skinny pigs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular findings and selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests in a group of young commercially available Guinea and Skinny pigs (Cavia porcellus)

Henriksen

Grant

et al. 2019

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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“…The latter finding may explain why there were no obvious differences at either time point between the two eyes, in either the gross appearance of their optic nerve heads or the thicknesses of the nearby nerve fiber layer and retina overall, as evaluated by SD‐OCT. Nonetheless, the observed increases in the extensity of the HBF lesions in both eyes are consistent with it being a progressive condition, 13 and thus, longer‐term monitoring may ultimately reveal changes in optic nerve head morphology.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Ocular heterotopic bone formation in a guinea pig: A case report with 7‐month follow‐up using advanced ophthalmic imaging technology

Goto

Zhu

Jensen

et al. 2021

Clinical Case Reports

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“…The phenol red thread test (PRT), also a method to measure tear production, only takes 15 seconds to complete compared with the one minute of the STT, and it only takes a very small volume of tears to redden the thread, which can be measured afterwards. It causes less irritation than the STT in other species, but this is not the case in guinea pigs, since STT measurements do not stimulate reflex tearing, as past studies have shown 3 7 8 . As a result of these findings, the authors of this study only measured STT‐1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The idea of modified tear tests can also be found in the book by Williams, who suggests cutting STTs in half, but notes that there are no STT values available 7 . The aim of the authors was to establish STT values which are more effective than the current ones from non‐modified tear test strips.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of tear production and establishment of reference values in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) using a modified Schirmer tear test

et al. 2020

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BackgroundPast studies have shown that 5-mm Schirmer tear tests (STTs) are difficult to interpret in guinea pigs. Modified 2.5-mm STT strips are more adequate for measuring the small volume of tear production in these animals. The aim of this study was to establish reference values for the modified 2.5-mm STT strips.MethodsModified STT measurements were performed in random order in both eyes of 50 guinea pig patients. The wetting of the strip was noted at 30 seconds and at 1 minute.ResultsThe mean±sd STT values for both eyes were 7.58±3.19 mm at 30 seconds and 10.42±3.92 mm at 60 seconds. The median was 8 mm at 30 seconds and 10 mm at 60 seconds for both eyes. Animals under one year of age had lower STT values. STT values at 30 and 60 seconds can both be used. Both eyes should be measured when possible.ConclusionThe authors recommend values above 8 mm at 30 seconds and 10 mm at 60 seconds to be considered normal when using a 2.5-mm STT strip. There are ambiguous areas at 5–8 mm and 6–10 mm. If in these ranges the results should be combined with clinical signs and judgement.

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The guinea pig eye

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Ocular findings and selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests in a group of young commercially available Guinea and Skinny pigs (Cavia porcellus)

Ocular findings and selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests in a group of young commercially available Guinea and Skinny pigs (Cavia porcellus)

Ocular heterotopic bone formation in a guinea pig: A case report with 7‐month follow‐up using advanced ophthalmic imaging technology

Measurement of tear production and establishment of reference values in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) using a modified Schirmer tear test

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