The GSF family of voxel phantoms

Petoussi-Henss, Nina; Zankl, M.; Fill, U.A.; Regulla, D.F.

doi:10.1088/0031-9155/47/1/307

Cited by 246 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

141

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Earlier computer models of patients were generated from direct segmentation of the three-dimensional matrices of voxels in the patients' tomographic data sets; [22][23][24][25] every voxel was assigned to the appropriate organ or tissue based on grayscale values. Modern computer modeling of human anatomy employs more flexible mathematical surfaces, most notably the nonuniform rational B-spline ͑NURBS͒ surfaces, which are fits to the segmented tomographic data.…”

Section: Iib2d Radiation Transport In Voxel Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient‐specific radiation dose and cancer risk estimation in CT: Part I. Development and validation of a Monte Carlo program

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose: Radiation-dose awareness and optimization in CT can greatly benefit from a dosereporting system that provides dose and risk estimates specific to each patient and each CT examination. As the first step toward patient-specific dose and risk estimation, this article aimed to develop a method for accurately assessing radiation dose from CT examinations. Methods: A Monte Carlo program was developed to model a CT system ͑LightSpeed VCT, GE Healthcare͒. The geometry of the system, the energy spectra of the x-ray source, the threedimensional geometry of the bowtie filters, and the trajectories of source motions during axial and helical scans were explicitly modeled. To validate the accuracy of the program, a cylindrical phantom was built to enable dose measurements at seven different radial distances from its central axis. Simulated radial dose distributions in the cylindrical phantom were validated against ion chamber measurements for single axial scans at all combinations of tube potential and bowtie filter settings. The accuracy of the program was further validated using two anthropomorphic phantoms ͑a pediatric one-year-old phantom and an adult female phantom͒. Computer models of the two phantoms were created based on their CT data and were voxelized for input into the Monte Carlo program. Simulated dose at various organ locations was compared against measurements made with thermoluminescent dosimetry chips for both single axial and helical scans. Results: For the cylindrical phantom, simulations differed from measurements by Ϫ4.8% to 2.2%. For the two anthropomorphic phantoms, the discrepancies between simulations and measurements ranged between ͑Ϫ8.1%, 8.1%͒ and ͑Ϫ17.2%, 13.0%͒ for the single axial scans and the helical scans, respectively. Conclusions: The authors developed an accurate Monte Carlo program for assessing radiation dose from CT examinations. When combined with computer models of actual patients, the program can provide accurate dose estimates for specific patients.

show abstract

Section: Iib2d Radiation Transport In Voxel Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient‐specific radiation dose and cancer risk estimation in CT: Part I. Development and validation of a Monte Carlo program

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Within this worldwide group lives the GSF voxel model family [11] containing two ICRP reference models of adult people.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Katja — the 24^th week of virtual pregnancy for dosimetric calculations

Becker

Zankl

Fill

et al. 2008

Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Virtual human models, a.k.a. voxel models, are currently the state of the art in radiation protection for computing organ irradiation doses without difficult or morally unfeasible experiments. They are based on medical image data of human patients and offer a realistic, three dimensional representation of human anatomy.We present our newest voxel model Katja, a virtual woman in the 24 th week of pregnancy. Katja integrates two previous voxel models, one obtained from the abdominal MRI scan of a pregnant patient and an already segmented model of a non-pregnant woman. The latter is the ICRP-AF, fitting the reference values for standard height, weight and organ masses given by the Internationals Committee of Radiological Protection (ICRP). The dataset was altered in order to fit the segmented foetus taken from the abdominal MRI scan. The resulting pregnant woman model, Katja, complies with the ICRP reference values for the adult female.

show abstract

“…use the heterogeneous human body model [16] (GUSTAV, man, 176 cm, 69 kg, 38 years): see Figure 1 (Page 3). The exposure consists in a plane wave with 1 Vm −1 electric field.…”

Section: Electromagnetic Field Around the Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement Methodologies for Reducing Errors in the Assessment of Emf by Exposimeter

Kwate¹,

Taybi²,

Elmagroud³

et al. 2017

PIER B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-Objective: As well known, using a single body worn sensor exposimeter introduces systematic errors on the measurement of the incident free space electric field strength. This is because the body creates around it high, intermediate and low level field zones, which depend on the direction of arrival of the incident field. The goal of this work is to propose an efficient method for the reduction of these errors. Methods: After classifying the perturbations induced by the body on the measured electric and magnetic fields thanks to realistic numerical simulations, we then propose a two-sensor setup in conjunction with simple semi-empirical correction formulas, in order to compensate these perturbations. Results: At 942 MHz, when the two sensors are placed in any opposite sides of the body at chest height, the worst case, maximum and average errors respectively decrease to 12% and 3% compared to 83% and 22% for measurement techniques using a single sensor, or 32% and 11% when using the average value of the measurements. Conclusion: The error related to the measurement in the presence of the body was significantly reduced by the proposed method making use of two opposite sensors, E-field and H-field at the chest. Significance: The conformity of exposure to EMF in terms of reference values according to the ICNIRP is given in the abscence of the human body. The interest of this work lies in the reduction of the errors made when measuring the field in the presence of the body.

show abstract

The GSF family of voxel phantoms

Cited by 246 publications

References 34 publications

Patient‐specific radiation dose and cancer risk estimation in CT: Part I. Development and validation of a Monte Carlo program

Patient‐specific radiation dose and cancer risk estimation in CT: Part I. Development and validation of a Monte Carlo program

Katja — the 24^th week of virtual pregnancy for dosimetric calculations

Measurement Methodologies for Reducing Errors in the Assessment of Emf by Exposimeter

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The GSF family of voxel phantoms

Cited by 246 publications

References 34 publications

Patient‐specific radiation dose and cancer risk estimation in CT: Part I. Development and validation of a Monte Carlo program

Patient‐specific radiation dose and cancer risk estimation in CT: Part I. Development and validation of a Monte Carlo program

Katja — the 24th week of virtual pregnancy for dosimetric calculations

Measurement Methodologies for Reducing Errors in the Assessment of Emf by Exposimeter

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Katja — the 24^th week of virtual pregnancy for dosimetric calculations