The Grueneberg ganglion projects to the olfactory bulb

Koos, David S.; Fraser, Scott E.

doi:10.1097/01.wnr.0000186597.72081.10

Cited by 66 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The specific function of the septal organ has not been established; its neurons may also have mechanosensory abilities (Grosmaitre et al, 2007). Second, the Grueneberg ganglion, located at the tip of the nose (Grueneberg, 1973), is now regarded as an olfactory subsystem (Fuss et al, 2005;Koos and Fraser, 2005;Fleischer et al, 2006;Roppolo et al, 2006). Its function is not known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Axonal wiring of guanylate cyclase-D-expressing olfactory neurons is dependent on neuropilin 2 and semaphorin 3F

et al. 2007

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+ neurons. Some glomeruli homogeneously innervated by axons of GC-D + neurons form ectopically within the glomerular layer, across wide areas of the main olfactory bulb. Similarly, axonal wiring of some vomeronasal sensory neurons is perturbed by a deficiency of Nrp2 or Sema3f, but not Sema3b or Sema3c. Our findings provide genetic evidence for a Nrp2-Sema3f interaction as a determinant of the wiring of axons of GC-D + neurons into the unusual configuration of necklace glomeruli.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Axonal wiring of guanylate cyclase-D-expressing olfactory neurons is dependent on neuropilin 2 and semaphorin 3F

et al. 2007

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“…Axonal projection maps in the olfactory bulb are characteristic of each type of olfactory sensory neuron. The axonal projections of the Grueneberg ganglion have only recently been associated with the olfactory system (Fleischer et al, 2006a;Fuss et al, 2005;Koos and Fraser, 2005;Roppolo et al, 2006;Storan and Key, 2006). They converge in the olfactory bulb and are part of a group of glomeruli called the necklace glomeruli (Shinoda et al, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The wiring of Grueneberg ganglion axons is dependent on neuropilin 1

et al. 2012

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SUMMARYThe Grueneberg ganglion is a specialized olfactory sensor. In mice, its activation induces freezing behavior. The topographical map corresponding to the central projections of its sensory axons is poorly defined, as well as the guidance molecules involved in its establishment. We took a transgenic approach to label exclusively Grueneberg sensory neurons and their axonal projections. We observed that a stereotyped convergence map in a series of coalescent neuropil-rich structures is already present at birth. These structures are part of a peculiar and complex neuronal circuit, composed of a chain of glomeruli organized in a necklace pattern that entirely surrounds the trunk of the olfactory bulb. We found that the necklace chain is composed of two different sets of glomeruli: one exclusively innervated by Grueneberg ganglion neurons, the other by axonal inputs from the main olfactory neuroepithelium. Combining the transgenic Grueneberg reporter mouse with a conditional null genetic approach, we then show that the axonal wiring of Grueneberg neurons is dependent on neuropilin 1 expression. Neuropilin 1-deficient Grueneberg axonal projections lose their strict and characteristic avoidance of vomeronasal glomeruli, glomeruli that are innervated by secondary neurons expressing the repulsive guidance cue and main neuropilin 1 ligand Sema3a. Taken together, our observations represent a first step in the understanding of the circuitry and the coding strategy used by the Grueneberg system.

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“…It consists of a cluster of neurons-henceforward referred to as Grueneberg ganglion neurons (GGNs)-that express olfactory marker protein (OMP) and project their axons to a small number of glomeruli in the caudal main olfactory bulb (Fuss et al, 2005;Koos and Fraser, 2005;Fleischer et al, 2006;Roppolo et al, 2006;Storan and Key, 2006). Interestingly, these glomeruli are near the necklace glomeruli innervated by olfactory sensory neurons expressing the receptor guanylyl cyclase GC-D (Fülle et al, 1995;Juilfs et al, 1997;Leinders-Zufall et al, 2007;Walz et al, 2007; for review, see Munger et al, 2009), and both GC-D-expressing neurons and GGNs express elements of a cGMP second messenger pathway, including the cGMP-specific cyclic nucleotide-gated channel CNGA3 and the cGMP-stimulated phosphodiesterase PDE2 (Juilfs et al, 1997;Meyer et al, 2000;Leinders-Zufall et al, 2007;Fleischer et al, 2009;Liu et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grueneberg Ganglion Neurons Are Finely Tuned Cold Sensors

Schmid¹,

Pyrski²,

Biel³

et al. 2010

J. Neurosci.

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The Grueneberg ganglion is a newly appreciated nasal subsystem with neural connections to the olfactory forebrain, but its functional role has not been well defined. Here, we assess whether Grueneberg ganglion neurons (GGNs) function as thermosensors. By investigating the effect of acute temperature changes on the cytosolic Ca 2ϩ concentration of genetically labeled mouse GGNs (either gender), we demonstrate that GGNs are thermosensory neurons specialized to detect a temperature decline within a given temperature window. Furthermore, GGNs comprise a relatively homogeneous cell population with respect to temperature sensitivity. GGNs do not respond to ligands of the temperature-sensitive TRP channels TRPM8 and TRPA1, suggesting a novel mechanism for temperature sensing. One possibility is a cGMP-mediated mechanism, as GGNs express the receptor guanylyl cyclase GC-G, the cGMP-sensitive phosphodiesterase PDE2 and the cGMP-sensitive channel CNGA3. Surprisingly, Cnga3-null mice show normal cooling-induced Ca 2ϩ responses although cGMP-dependent Ca 2ϩ increases are absent in these mice. Rather, the cooling-induced Ca 2ϩ response of GGNs depends critically on the activity of a tetrodotoxin-sensitive voltage-gated sodium channel whereas the cGMP-dependent Ca 2ϩ signal does not. These findings establish the Grueneberg ganglion as a sensory organ mediating cold-evoked neural responses, possibly in conjunction with the sensing of other stress-or fear-related chemical social cues.

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The Grueneberg ganglion projects to the olfactory bulb

Cited by 66 publications

References 24 publications

Axonal wiring of guanylate cyclase-D-expressing olfactory neurons is dependent on neuropilin 2 and semaphorin 3F

Axonal wiring of guanylate cyclase-D-expressing olfactory neurons is dependent on neuropilin 2 and semaphorin 3F

The wiring of Grueneberg ganglion axons is dependent on neuropilin 1

Grueneberg Ganglion Neurons Are Finely Tuned Cold Sensors

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