The growth response in fish chronic and early life stage toxicity tests: A critical review

Woltering, Daniel M.

doi:10.1016/0166-445x(84)90028-6

Cited by 167 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 80 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…was reduced to 10-65%. Relative to controls, the reduction of the rate of hatching recorded during this study agreed with the report of Woltering 16) in 1984 in which he reviewed a total of 173 tests including exposure to metals, pesticides and xenobiotics and found that the hatching rate was reduced to 19%.…”

Section: Length Of Fish Emerged and Duration Of The Life Cycle Stagessupporting

confidence: 72%

Life Cycle Stages and Length of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Exposed to DDT

Njiwa

Müller

Klein

2004

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Long-term toxicity growth tests were conducted with DDT using zebrafish (Danio rerio). The fish were exposed to concentrations of 0.05 µg/l, 0.5 µg/l, 5 µg/l and 50 µg/l DDT under flow-through conditions. The effect of the compound on the ecologically important parameters hatching rate, duration of the developmental stages and growth were the focus of interest. When exposed to 50 µg/l DDT, the hatching rate was 2 to 3 times lower than in embryos exposed to 0.05 µg/l DDT. This study demonstrates that the rearing zebrafish in the pesticide causes a reduction in body length and the durations of the life cycle stages (LCS) of the offspring are extended. These effects are increased when the fish are exposed to higher DDT concentrations.Key words ---Danio rerio, early life stage, life cycle stages, growth, F 1 -generation, DDT able up to now. The zebrafish [Danio rerio (D. rerio)] is a suitable model for full life cycle assessments because zebrafish takes only 3-4 months to reach the sexual maturity. Moreover, they can be maintained in a laboratory environment at low cost and remain sexually active throughout the year.The test employed in this study involved exposure of zebrafish to the toxin from the fertilized egg up to the mature animal. The effect on reproduction was assessed by examination of mortality, hatching rate, body length and development of the offspring. This study encompassed the examination of two generations of fish over a period of approximately 8 months. This was regarded necessary to obtain sufficient information on the duration of each life stage and the deleterious effect of the chemical on the subsequent generation. The parameters were also investigated in the offspring of exposed parents that were subsequently reared in a toxin-free environment. The second generation was assessed up to six weeks and the difference with offspring which remained exposed to DDT was determined.

show abstract

Section: Length Of Fish Emerged and Duration Of The Life Cycle Stagessupporting

confidence: 72%

Life Cycle Stages and Length of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Exposed to DDT

Njiwa

Müller

Klein

2004

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For instance, McKim [11], in reviewing the results of 56 life-cycle toxicity tests with 34 organic and inorganic chemicals on four species of fish, drew the conclusion that the embryo-larval and early juvenile life stages were the most, or among the most, sensitive. This conclusion was later corroborated by other studies, e.g., by Woltering [12], who assessed 173 tests in which fish were exposed to metals, pesticides, unclassified organics, inorganic compounds, detergent chemicals, and complex effluents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Effect of nitrite on early‐life stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Kroupová¹,

Prokeš

Mácová

et al. 2009

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A one-month chronic exposure of common carp larvae and embryos to nitrite revealed significant (p < 0.01) differences in total accumulated mortality in fish exposed to 33, 67, and 330 mg/L NO(2)(-) compared with controls. At the highest concentration, all fish died within 8 d of exposure. On the basis of accumulated mortality in the experimental groups, lethal concentrations of nitrite were estimated at 29 d LC50 = 88 mg/L NO(2)(-); lowest-observed-effect concentration (LOEC) = 28 mg/L NO(2)(-); and no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) = 7 mg/L NO(2)(-). Fulton's condition factor values were significantly lower in fish from all experimental groups compared with controls. By day 12, fish exposed to 33 and 67 mg/L NO(2)(-) had significantly lower mass and total length compared with controls. No significant negative effects of nitrite at the concentrations tested (0.7-330 mg/L NO(2)(-), at 10 mg/L Cl(-)) on hatching or embryo viability were demonstrated, but significant differences in early ontogeny among groups were noted. Fish from all the concentrations showed a dose-related delay in development compared with the controls. Lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis, and body shortening were observed at all concentrations and in controls, as was yolk sac deformation and edema, eye deformation, and cardiac edema. The incidence of these malformations was positively correlated with nitrite concentration. Histopathology revealed epidermal spongiosis; edema and hyperplasia of the gill epithelium, including hypertrophy and hyperplasia of eosinophilic granular cells (chloride cells); and interstitial edema of skeletal muscle in fish exposed to 67 mg/L NO(2)(-). Similar, but milder, changes were observed at lower nitrite concentrations.

show abstract

“…Elevated plasma concentrations of vitellogenin have been found in male and juvenile fish from sewage-impacted aquatic ecosystems around the world (Bernanke and Koehler, 2009), which supports the use of Vtg as a biomarker for estrogenic EDC exposure (Tyler and Routledge, 1998). Elevated plasma Vtg in fish has been associated with enlarged livers (Kaptaner et al, 2009), abnormal gonad development (Lye et al, 1997;Tyler and Jobling, 2008), and reduced growth (Woltering, 1984). It has also been used to compare sensitivities of multiple life stages to estrogenic exposure (Leet et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Comparative responses to endocrine disrupting compounds in early life stages of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar

Duffy¹,

Iwanowicz²,

McCormick³

2014

Aquatic Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

a b s t r a c tAtlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are endangered anadromous fish that may be exposed to feminizing endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) during early development, potentially altering physiological capacities, survival and fitness. To assess differential life stage sensitivity to common EDCs, we carried out short-term (4 day) exposures using three doses each of 17 ␣-ethinylestradiol (EE2), 17 ␤-estradiol (E2), and nonylphenol (NP) on four early life stages; embryos, yolk-sac larvae, feeding fry and 1 year old smolts. Differential response was compared using vitellogenin (Vtg, a precursor egg protein) gene transcription. Smolts were also examined for impacts on plasma Vtg, cortisol, thyroid hormones (T 4 /T 3 ) and hepatosomatic index (HSI). Compound-related mortality was not observed in any life stage, but Vtg mRNA was elevated in a dose-dependent manner in yolk-sac larvae, fry and smolts but not in embryos. The estrogens EE2 and E2 were consistently stronger inducers of Vtg than NP. Embryos responded significantly to the highest concentration of EE2 only, while older life stages responded to the highest doses of all three compounds, as well as intermediate doses of EE2 and E2. Maximal transcription was greater for fry among the three earliest life stages, suggesting fry may be the most responsive life stage in early development. Smolt plasma Vtg was also significantly increased, and this response was observed at lower doses of each compound than was detected by gene transcription suggesting plasma Vtg is a more sensitive indicator at this life stage. HSI was increased at the highest doses of EE2 and E2, and plasma T 3 was decreased at the highest dose of EE2. Our results indicate that all life stages are potentially sensitive to endocrine disruption by estrogenic compounds and that physiological responses were altered over a short window of exposure, indicating the potential for these compounds to impact fish in the wild.

show abstract

The growth response in fish chronic and early life stage toxicity tests: A critical review

Cited by 167 publications

References 80 publications

Life Cycle Stages and Length of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Exposed to DDT

Life Cycle Stages and Length of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Exposed to DDT

Effect of nitrite on early‐life stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Comparative responses to endocrine disrupting compounds in early life stages of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About