The growth, production and chemical compounds of Chlorella sp. in various concentrations of palm oil wastewater in laboratory culture media

Abstract

The growth, production, and content of chemical compounds in Chlorella sp. in various concentrations of liquid waste from palm oil were examined from June to November 2019, located in the Palm Oil Industry, SeiGaluh, Kampar, Indonesia. Five different concentrations of oil palm wastewater, i.e., 15 %, 20 %, 25 %, 30 % and 0.0 % (control) were studied. The results of this study indicated that oil palm wastewater was able to increase the growth, production, and chemical content of Chlorella sp. The best growth for Chlorella sp. was found at a concentration of 25 % oil palm wastewater, with cell density (8.5 × 106 cells/mL), biomass (0.77 g/L), after being cultured for 13 days (culture period). Chemical compounds in Chlorella sp. also increased at a concentration of 25 %, and it was found that protein content was 45.09 %, lipid was 10.85 %, and carbohydrate was 12.77 %. The concentration of nitrate and phosphate in culture media was known to have decreased, where the highest reduction in nitrate occurred at the concentration of oil palm liquid waste of 25 %, from the initial state of 14.34 to 3.17 mg/L at the end of culture. There was a decrease in phosphate, from the initial conditions, 1.82 mg/L to 0.34. mg/L at the end of the study. Chlorella biomass harvested in this study was used as a complementary food material (pellets) for livestock in the province of Riau.

Microalgae for The Food of Future: Spirulina sp. and Chlorella sp.

“…Chlorella, yüksek ışınım toleransına sahiptir ve 3-30 °C aralığındaki sıcaklıklara uyum sağlayabilmektedir. Aynı zamanda, tatlı ve tuzlu suya ek olarak alkali ortamlarda, göletlerde, toprakta, kaplıcalarda ve kutuplarda planktonik formda bulunabilmektedir [39], [40]. Küresel şekle sahip olan bu mikroalg, 2-10 μm aralığında değişen çapa sahiptir [38], [39].…”

“…Hücre duvarının yapısından dolayı, Chlorella'nın hasat edildikten sonra hücre duvarının kırılması ve işlenmesi gerekmektedir [41]. Chlorella'nın proteinler, karbonhidratlar, lipitler, mineraller, vitaminler ve pigmentlerden oluşan biyokütlenin eldesinde, karbondioksiti serbest oksijene dönüştüren, güneş ışığına dayalı fabrikalar olduğu düşünülmektedir [37], [40]. Hızlı ekim, kolayca kültürlenebilme ve yüksek biyokütle gibi ekonomik değerlere sahip olan Chlorella spp.…”

“…Chlorella spp. temel besin maddelerine sahip olduğu ve yüksek miktarda protein içerdiği için potansiyel bir gıda kaynağıdır [40]. %0.4 lif, % 1-4 klorofil, %4-5 nükleik asit, %9-18 diyet lifi, %12-17 karbonhidrat, %14-22 lipit ve %51-58 aralığında değişen protein içeriğine sahiptir [35], [38].…”

“…Yaygın bulunan karotenoidler arasında, zeaksantin, violaksantin, neoksantin, kantaksantin, astaksantin, lutein, α-karoten ve β-karoten yer almaktadır [37], [38]. Ek olarak, çoklu doymamış yağ asitleri (ÇDYA), askorbik asit, β-1,3-glukan, α-tokoferol ve fenolik bileşikler gibi doğal bileşikleri içermektedir [35], [38], [40]. Chlorella, türlerine göre değişmekle birlikte, ferulik asit, pkumarik asit, kafeik asit, floroglusinol, apigenin ve sinnamik asit gibi fenolik bileşiklerin de kaynağıdır [38].…”