The growth performance, plasma biochemistry indices, immune system, antioxidant status, and intestinal morphology of heat-stressed broiler chickens fed grape (Vitis vinifera) pomace

Effect of Raw and Fermented Grape Pomace on the Growth Performance, Antioxidant Status, Intestinal Morphology, and Selected Bacterial Species in Broiler Chicks

“…However, no changes in BW, FCR, and FI were reported in broiler chicks with dietary supplementation of 15 g/kg GP [ 3 , 36 , 37 ]. Similar findings were observed in broiler chickens fed diets containing GP at 10 [ 38 ], 20 [ 39 ], 30 [ 3 ], 60 [ 14 , 37 , 40 ], and 100 g/kg [ 13 , 41 ]. Nevertheless, Kumanda et al [ 42 ] demonstrated that the FCR was impaired by dietary inclusion of GP at 55 and 75 g/kg, although 45 g/kg dietary GP did not affect the FCR.…”

“…The total antioxidant activity in serum and plasma was increased by dietary inclusion of GP at 30 g/kg [ 37 ] and 100 g/kg [ 54 ]. Hosseini-Vashan et al [ 14 ] reported a linear increase in plasma GPx and SOD levels in heat-stressed broilers fed diets containing 20, 40, and 60 g/kg GP. Similar to the results of the present study, 90 g/kg dietary GP increased the plasma-reduced glutathione and total antioxidant capacity but did not affect the CAT level of broiler chickens [ 7 ].…”

“…Dietary AO supplementation elevated VH and VH:CD of the ileum in this study, even if no alteration occurred in the serum GPx, SOD, and CAT levels. However, Hosseini-Vashan et al [ 14 ] noted that dietary GP did not affect the jejunal VH, CD, and VH:CD in chickens whose plasma GPx and SOD levels were increased by diets containing GP at 20, 40, and 60 g/kg levels. On the other hand, Ebrahimzadeh et al [ 13 ] reported a decrease in VH, VH:CD, and LMT of the duodenum despite the increase in the plasma GPx and SOD levels of broiler chickens by 75 g/kg dietary GP.…”

“…Therefore, GP has a strong antioxidant effect [ 10 ] and antibacterial effect against various pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus [ 11 ]. Grape pomace also has growth-stimulating [ 12 ], immune-enhancing [ 13 ], and antilipidemic [ 14 ] effects on broiler chickens.…”

Dietary Application of Tannins as a Potential Mitigation Strategy for Current Challenges in Poultry Production: A Review

“…Ramnath and Rekha [ 125 ] showed that supplementation of Brahma Rasayana containing various sorts of tannins enhanced activities of enzymatic antioxidants including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and reduced glutathione (GSH) in blood of chickens raised at a cold temperature. Moreover, the inclusion of grape ( Vitis vinifera ) pomace, rich in CT, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (GPx and SOD) and intestinal morphology, and increased relative weight of bursa of Fabricius and thymus in the heat-stressed broiler chickens [ 126 ]. In a diquat-induced mouse model (oxidative stress model), tannic acid improved intestinal morphology, activated the antioxidative pathway by reducing protein expression of Kelch like-ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) and enhancing protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), as well as modulated intestinal barrier function in the jejunum.…”