The growth of XXX females: population-based studies

Abstract

Longitudinal measurements of height, sitting height and leg length are compared between 11 XXX girls identified by cytogenetic screening, and 16 chromosomally normal controls from the same population using a nonparametric method. While height velocity did not differ between the two groups either during the pubertal or the mid-childhood spurts, leg length velocity was significantly increased during the mid-childhood spurt, between 4 and 9 years of age. A further contribution to the increased leg length came from the slower decline in leg length velocity at the end of the pubertal spurt. The possible mechanisms involved in these changes are discussed.

Triple X syndrome: characteristics of 42 Italian girls and parental emotional response to prenatal diagnosis

“…Yet the girls' heights were in the normal range and concordant with parental heights thus confirming that increased height mainly comes from mid-childhood and pubertal growth spurt. [17]. Dysmorphological evaluation confirmed some previously described features [15].…”

A review of trisomy X (47,XXX)

“…Cases of short stature have also been described (unrelated to a known 45,X mosaicism), and one prospective study identified a subgroup of 47,XXX girls with heights below the 50 th percentile [9]. Body segment proportions typically show long legs, with a short sitting height [10]. Studies of bone age have shown no significant differences from 46,XX females [11].…”

Expanding the phenotype of Triple X syndrome: A comparison of prenatal versus postnatal diagnosis

“…Medical, physical, and psychological features observed in females with 47, XXX have been described by various case reports and case series. These studies have described features including tall stature [Robinson et al, 1979; Ratcliffe et al, 1994; Liebezeit et al, 2003], genitourinary malformations [Lin et al, 1993], seizures [Olanders and Sellden, 1975; Grosso et al, 2004; Roubertie et al, 2006], premature ovarian failure [Villanueva and Rebar, 1983; Holland, 2001; Goswami et al, 2003]. Psychological disorders including anxiety and depression, psychotic disorders, and ADHD have been described [Kusumi and Prange, 1973; Linden et al, 1988; Woodhouse et al, 1992; Bender et al, 1995; Tartaglia et al, 2012].…”