The growth of Korean immigrant entrepreneurship in Chicago

Yoon, In‐Jin

doi:10.1080/01419870.1995.9993865

Cited by 49 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This Cuban monopoly means that Cuban owners and suppliers work more cooperatively than they would have without the shared ethnicity that guided their interactions. Vertical integration is also argued to be important for Korean immigrant entrepreneurs in Chicago, where most of the suppliers of Korean firms are also Korean (Yoon 1995). Raijman and Tienda (2003) also find that Koreans are more vertically integrated relative to other groups, such as Mexicans, but they also argue that Mexicans are less able to capitalize on vertical integration.…”

Section: Ethnic Enclaves and Success Of Ethnic Firmsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Capitalizing on vertical integration is important since vertically integrated firms are able to lower the overall price of goods and services needed to operate a firm. For example, Yoon (1995) reports that Korean firms receive special credit terms from Korean suppliers. Korean owners dealing with Korean suppliers can speak Korean and, therefore, language is not a barrier to entrepreneurship.…”

Section: Ethnic Enclaves and Success Of Ethnic Firmsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Those owning firms in ethnic enclaves benefit from this opportunity structure because it maintains a cheap labor supply made up of individuals willing to do a ''tour of duty'' of the worst jobs because they believe it is a pathway to self-employment (Portes and Bach 1985). Of course, such workers are often unable to work outside the ethnic enclave due to their limited language ability, legal status, and possession of fewer skills (Yoon 1995;Kim 1999;Raijman 2001). For business owners, the result is an inexpensive supply of labor that is loyal to ethnic firms.…”

Section: Benefits Of Employment In Ethnic Enclavesmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ethnic enclaves and the earnings of self-employed Latinos

Aguilera

2009

Small Bus Econ

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Section: Ethnic Enclaves and Success Of Ethnic Firmsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Ethnic Enclaves and Success Of Ethnic Firmsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Benefits Of Employment In Ethnic Enclavesmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ethnic enclaves and the earnings of self-employed Latinos

Aguilera

2009

Small Bus Econ

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“…According to Reynolds et al (2002) and to Shinnar and Young (2008), opportunity entrepreneurs are older than necessity entrepreneurs. In the enclave, co-ethnic members can use age as a primary parameter to evaluate whether or not to support aspiring entrepreneurs either informally (Johannisson 1993;Ram 1994;Kloosterman et al 1998; Van Delf et al 2000) or formally (Yoon 1995;Gold 2001;Guarnizo et al 2003). Old immigrants are assumed to be better known -because of their previous working experience -than young immigrants.…”

Section: Socio-demographic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ukrainian entrepreneurship in Italy: factors influencing the creation of ethnic ventures

Matricano

Sorrentino

2014

J Innov Entrep

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This paper investigates the factors affecting the creation of ethnic ventures in the enclave in order to determine whether immigrants can be considered opportunity or necessity entrepreneurs. The results are helpful to proceed with further reflections on how immigrants perceive the context they are in and on what should be done to foster their social and economic integration. In order to achieve the final aim, three categories of factors -pull, push and socio-demographic -affecting the creation of ethnic ventures in the enclave are considered and tested. Data were obtained from a questionnaire survey that was administered to Ukrainian entrepreneurs in the Municipality of Caserta in southern Italy. The results of a logistic regression model indicate that the factors affecting the creation of new Ukrainian ventures are housing area and age: if immigrants live outside the enclave and they are younger than forty years old, then they are more likely to create new ethnic ventures in the enclave. These results demonstrate that the Ukrainians in Caserta perceive the context they are in as unfavourable: they are necessity entrepreneurs who create new ventures just to overcome the discrimination and exclusion that they experience. Implications for policy makers and suggestions for future research are discussed in the last part of the paper.

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“…Li (1992) mentioned the traditional culture of certain ethnic groups, as well as blocked mobility, as important reasons for the successful development of ethnic entrepreneurship. Yoon (1995) asserted that there are three interacting factors which promote the growth of ethnic entrepreneurship: blocked employment opportunities in the general labor market (because of the language barrier and non-transferable education and occupational skills); resource mobilization (from stable structures and strong family ties); and business structures (social networks).…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Low Participation of Urban Migrant Entrepreneurs: Reasons and Perceptions of Weak Institutional Embeddedness

Masurel¹,

Nijkamp

2009

Advances in Spatial Science

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The present paper addresses the lack of institutional collaboration among urban ethnic (or migrant) firms as a reason for their low innovation profile. This lack is present in various forms of institutional business cooperation, but here we focus in particular on franchising. Such weak collaborative embeddedness is noteworthy, given the fact that franchising offers for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) an important means to compete better. Poor communication, a low chance to be accepted by the external party, and economic market factors appear to be important reasons why ethnic entrepreneurs do not join franchise organizations. The low chance of acceptance is primarily reflected in the entrepreneurs' perception of their unfavorable market conditions, but in addition there are other reasons for low participation which can be rectified. From our research, general lessons can be derived which are applicable also to other situations in which ethnic entrepreneurs may also be less inclined to join institutional cooperative systems. With these lessons in mind, the competitive and innovative potential of ethnic entrepreneurs can be improved.

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The growth of Korean immigrant entrepreneurship in Chicago

Cited by 49 publications

References 5 publications

Ethnic enclaves and the earnings of self-employed Latinos

Ethnic enclaves and the earnings of self-employed Latinos

Ukrainian entrepreneurship in Italy: factors influencing the creation of ethnic ventures

The Low Participation of Urban Migrant Entrepreneurs: Reasons and Perceptions of Weak Institutional Embeddedness

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