The growth and metastasis of an allografted lymphoma in normal, deprived and reconstituted mice

Weston, Beverley J.; Carter, R. L.; Easty, G. C.; Connell, D. I.; Davies, A. J. S.

doi:10.1002/ijc.2910140206

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…It is attractive to assume that the macrophages may enter the tumor as part of an immunological host defense reaction. This assumption is supported by observations of a direct correlation between the immunogenicity of tumors and their macrophage content (Eccles and Alexander, 1974) and by the impact of T-lymphocyte depletion on the tumor macrophage content ) and on tumor metastatic spread (Weston et al, 1974).…”

Section: Possible Significance Of Macrophage Content Of Primary Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Tumor metastases and cell‐mediated immunity in a model system in DBA/2 mice. I. Tumor invasiveness in vitro and metastasis formation in vivo

Schirrmacher

Shantz

Cauer

et al. 1979

Intl Journal of Cancer

147

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A syngeneic model system for the study of tumor metastases and cell-mediated immunity is described. The system consists of two related, chemically induced murine lymphomas, the non-metastasizing parental line Eb and i t s metastasizing variant ESb. A n unrelated, chemically induced tumor (MDAY) i s included for specificity controls. Serological typing revealed that both Eb and ESb were of T lymphoid origin and expressed the H-2K and H-2D molecules of the host strain DBA/2. By various electron microscope techniques, morphological differences were observed between the t w o cell lines. I n comparison t o Eb cells, ESb tumor cells had a more polymorphic nucleus with many invaginations of the nuclear envelope and a more prominent expression of microvilli on the cell surface. A n in vitro organ culture test for tumor invasiveness, presented here for the f i r s t t i m e In a syngeneic murine system, revealed that ESb but not Eb tumor cells had the ability t o attach t o and invade normal tissue. Accordingly, ESb tumor cells showed higher malignancy in vivo. This was apparent from their higher tumorigenicity and their ability t o disseminate and metastasize and t o kill recipient mice more quickly. Upon histological examination of the local primary tumors a striking difference was noticed with regard t o the degree of infiltration by host-derived mononuclear cells, mostly histiocytes. The non-metastasizing tumor Eb was heavily infiltrated while tumor ESb contained only a few of these cells. The differences between the tumor lines ESb and Eb are considered i n the light of their possible relevance for metastases in general. The etiology of the t w o tumors i s discussed in particular with respect t o their relatedness.Metastasis, the spread of malignant cells from a primary site to distant organs, represents one of the most intriguing problems in the pathogenesis and treatment of cancer (see Willis, 1973;Fidler and Kripkie, 1977; Carter, 1978). While primary tumors in many instances can be removed surgically it is the subsequent development of metastases which often cannot be prevented and is responsible for most therapeutic failures (Krokowski, 1978). In spite of its importance, relatively little is known about the processes which either lead to or prevent formation of tumor metastases. One reason for this is that experimental tumors in animals are often not suitable for the study of metastasis: they either do not metastasize or they grow so fast that they kill the host before metastases can develop (Kim, 1970;Mellgren, 1976 The majority of experimental tumors induced by either tumor viruses or chemical carcinogens and maintained by long-term transplantations usually express immunogenic tumor-associated transplantation antigens (TATA) against which syngeneic animals can be successfully immunized. When similar immunization procedures were applied to humans, a significant protective effect was observed only occasionally (see Terry and Windhorst, 1978). The meager success in cancer patients of specific immunotherapy prot...

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Section: Possible Significance Of Macrophage Content Of Primary Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Tumor metastases and cell‐mediated immunity in a model system in DBA/2 mice. I. Tumor invasiveness in vitro and metastasis formation in vivo

Schirrmacher

Shantz

Cauer

et al. 1979

Intl Journal of Cancer

147

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“…For example, the number of tumor cells in the lungs declined very rapidly after i.v. injection such that after 3 days generally less than 1% remained (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). This decline is due to a rapid degeneration of cancer cells (14,19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Expression of Apoptosis Inhibitor Protein XIAP Contributes to Anoikis Resistance of Circulating Human Prostate Cancer Metastasis Precursor Cells

Berezovskaya

Schimmer²,

Glinskii³

et al. 2005

Cancer Research

217

184

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Survival in lymph or blood is an essential prerequisite for metastasis of carcinoma cells to distant organs. Recently, we reported isolation and initial biological characterization of circulating metastatic cells in a fluorescent, orthotopic, metastatic nude-mouse model of human prostate cancer. Here we show that the metastatic human prostate carcinoma cells selected for survival in the circulation have increased resistance to anoikis, which is apoptosis induced by cell detachment. Using gene silencing and gene transfer techniques, we show that increased expression of the apoptosisinhibitory protein XIAP contributes to anoikis resistance of the circulating metastatic human prostate carcinoma cells. We also provide initial preclinical data on the antimetastatic efficacy of recently discovered small-molecule antagonists of XIAP. (Cancer Res 2005; 65(6): 2378-86)

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“…The response then declines and the tumour grows progressively. If normally non-metastasizing tumours are transplanted into T cell deficient mice, unable to mount a paracortical response, the local tumour grafts grow progressively and about half of them metastasize (Weston et al 1974).…”

Section: Regional Lymph Nodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A stronger lead comes from studies with antithymocyte serum (ATS) which provokes or increases metastases from several autochthonous and allogeneic tumours in animals (Deodhar & Crile 1969, Fisher et al 1969, Gershon & Carter 1970. Since ATS primarily affects T cells it is probable that T cells are involved in controlling at least some potentially metastasizing tumours: some normally non-metastasizing tumours will metastasize when transplanted into T-cell-deficient mice (Weston et al 1974).…”

Section: Further Observations On Immunological Factors and Metastasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recurrent and Metastatic Oncological Diseases

Carter

1974

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine

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The growth and metastasis of an allografted lymphoma in normal, deprived and reconstituted mice

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Tumor metastases and cell‐mediated immunity in a model system in DBA/2 mice. I. Tumor invasiveness in vitro and metastasis formation in vivo

Tumor metastases and cell‐mediated immunity in a model system in DBA/2 mice. I. Tumor invasiveness in vitro and metastasis formation in vivo

Increased Expression of Apoptosis Inhibitor Protein XIAP Contributes to Anoikis Resistance of Circulating Human Prostate Cancer Metastasis Precursor Cells

Recurrent and Metastatic Oncological Diseases

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