The Growth and Metabolism of Oat Seedlings After Seed Exposure to Oxygen

Albaum, Harry G.; Donnelly, John; Korkes, Seymour

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1942.tb14234.x

American J of Botany

1942

DOI: 10.1002/j.1537-2197.1942.tb14234.x

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The Growth and Metabolism of Oat Seedlings After Seed Exposure to Oxygen

Harry G. Albaum

John Donnelly

Seymour Korkes

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1943

1983

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Cited by 20 publications

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References 19 publications

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“…EXPERIMENTAL.-The effect of iodoacetate on growth.-The growth of Avena in various concentrations of potassium iodoacetate is shown in figure I. These results are similar to those reported in the earlier work (Albaum and Commoner, 1941) for the variety Fulghum both with respect to the inhibition in growth and to lag in response to iodoacetate. If one were dealing with a penetration effect alone, one might expect to get a more rapid response with higher concentrations of iodoacetate which presumably would enter the cells more rapidly.…”

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The Relationship Between Growth and Metabolism in the Oat Seedling

Albaum

Eichel

1943

American J of Botany

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DURING THE course of an earlier investigation, Albaum and Commoner (19,1<1) were able to show that iodoacetic acid inhibited the growth of intact oat seedlings. This inhibition, however, did not appear immediately, but was manifest only after the seedlings had been subjected to the treatment for several days. At the time it was assumed that this lag in response might be due to difficulty in penetration of the iodoacetate. Subsequent experiments with other respiratory poisons and some stimulants, however, made this explanation highly unlikely. These new experiments indicated that iodoacetate, and some of the respiratory stimulants used, produced no immediate effects on growth because the .early growth stages are probably under the control of metabolic processes insensitive to these substances, but with time new metabolic mechanisms appear which respond to the addition of these substances. This paper amplifies the results of some of these later experiments and presents more complete evidence establishing the operation of at least two distinct respiratory mechanisms controlling the growth of the oat seedling.:MATERIAL AND METHoDs.-Grains of Avena sativa L. var. Black Norway, similar to those used in earlier experiments were hulled, soaked in distilled water for two hours in the light, and germinated in the dark for twenty-four hours at 27°C. After germination, the grains were planted in beakers in contact with moist filter paper, as described in an earlier paper (Kaiser and Albaum, 1939), to which test solutions had been added. The plants were then allowed to continue their growth in the dark at the same temperature. At regular intervals, the coleoptiles were measured to the nearest millimeter. Coleoptile length was used as an index of growth. All figures reported are the averages of at least twenty plants. The test solutions, iodoacetic, fumaric, pyruvic, succinic, malic, maleic and malonic acids, and sodium azide (all Eastman Kodak) were made up in distilled water and adjusted with a Beckmann pH meter to pH 6.0 with KOH at the beginning of each experiment. The pH of these solutions did not change appreciably during the course of the experiments.All measurements on oxygen uptake were carried out in a Warburg respirometer at 26°C. Those experiments not performed on intact embryos (prepared by dissection from seedlings; see below) were carried out on extracts made up in the following way: Grains were removed from beakers in which they had been grown, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours after soaking. The embryos were carefully dissected from groups of fifty seedlings, ground in sand in 2 cc. of

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confidence: 86%

The Relationship Between Growth and Metabolism in the Oat Seedling

Albaum

Eichel

1943

American J of Botany

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“…The negative effect of high 0 2 may have been related to altered metabolic processes at the low temperature which did not kill the seeds since total germination was unaffected by increasing 0 2 concentrations at 15°. High 0 2 levels have been shown to reduce enzyme activity in bean embryos (12), inhibit cell elongation in wheat radicles (5), and promote proteolytic breakdown and enzyme activity in oats (1).…”

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confidence: 99%

Temperature and Gibberellin-induced Respiratory Changes in Capsicum annuum during Germination at Varying Oxygen Concentrations

Watkins

Cantliffe

Sachs

1983

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Concentrations of O2 greater than 21% stimulated germination rate of Capsicum annuum L. (sweet pepper) at 25°C but inhibited germination rate at 15°. At a 10% O2 concentration, germination rates were reduced at both temperatures. Gibberellins A4A7 (GA4+7) increased germination rates at 15° and 25° in air. At 25° in 100% O2, germination rates of GA-treated and nontreated seeds were the same. At 15° and 100% O2, germination rates were increased slightly by GA4+7 application; however, the rates were slower than in air. Total respiratory activity at 25° was higher in 100% O2 than in air. High O2 concentrations did not affect the proportion of respiration which was in the cyanide-sensitive and -resistant pathways. Cyanide-resistant respiration comprised only a small percentage of total respiratory activity. At 15°, total respiration and the cyanide-sensitive and -resistant components were similar regardless of O2 treatment. The addition of GA increased respiratory activity only after radicle emergence occurred. Thus, germination rate of pepper seed can be increased by increasing temperature, higher O2 concentrations at the higher temperature, and GA4+7 at normal and low temperatures. GA appears to affect germination through metabolic events which occur before radicle emergence and which do not include alteration of respiratory activity.

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Phosphorus Transformations During the Development of the Oat Embryo

Albaum

Umbreit

1943

American J of Botany

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The Growth and Metabolism of Oat Seedlings After Seed Exposure to Oxygen

Cited by 20 publications

References 19 publications

The Relationship Between Growth and Metabolism in the Oat Seedling

The Relationship Between Growth and Metabolism in the Oat Seedling

Temperature and Gibberellin-induced Respiratory Changes in Capsicum annuum during Germination at Varying Oxygen Concentrations

Phosphorus Transformations During the Development of the Oat Embryo

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