The growing role of precision and personalized medicine for cancer treatment

Krzyszczyk, Paulina; Acevedo, Alison; Davidoff, Erika J; Timmins, Lauren M.; Marrero-Berríos, Ileana; Patel, Misaal; White, Corina; Lowe, Christopher J.; Sherba, Joseph J.; Hartmanshenn, Clara; O’Neill, Karen; Balter, Max L.; Fritz, Z.; Androulakis, Ioannis P.; Schloss, Rene

doi:10.1142/s2339547818300020

Cited by 330 publications

(264 citation statements)

References 156 publications

(170 reference statements)

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“…Notably, some disruptive technologies have also recently appeared, which hold great promise for revolutionizing cancer care. These basically include (i) liquid biopsy [8], which will enable a more efficient screening, diagnosis, and therapeutic monitoring, (ii) personalized medicine [9], which will help dissecting the interindividual variability of cancers and defining personalized and more efficient treatments, (iii) immunotherapy, which is a highly effective means for restoring or improving immune system function against malignant cells [10], along with (iv) digital epidemiology [11], which will facilitate to secure disease information earlier than conventional health epidemiology.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Cancer Epidemiology

Mattiuzzi¹,

Lippi²

2019

JEGH

946

523

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In this brief report, we offer a concise overview on current cancer epidemiology garnered from the official databases of World Health Organization and American Cancer Society and provide recent information on frequency, mortality, and survival expectancy of the 15 leading types of cancers worldwide. Overall, cancer poses the highest clinical, social, and economic burden in terms of cause-specific Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) among all human diseases. The overall 0-74 years risk of developing cancer is 20.2% (22.4% in men and 18.2% in women, respectively). A total number of 18 million new cases have been diagnosed in 2018, the most frequent of which are lung (2.09 million cases), breast (2.09 million cases), and prostate (1.28 million cases) cancers. Beside sex-specific malignancies, the ratio of frequency between men and women is >1 for all cancers, except thyroid (i.e., 0.30). As concerns mortality, cancer is the second worldwide cause of death (8.97 million deaths) after ischemic heart disease, but will likely become the first in 2060 (~18.63 million deaths). Lung, liver, and stomach are the three most deadly cancers in the general population, while lung and breast cancers are the leading causes of cancer related-mortality in men and women, respectively. Prostate and thyroid cancers have the best prognosis, with 5-year survival ~100%, while esophagus, liver, and especially pancreas cancers have the worst prognosis, typically <20% at 5 years. We hope that this report will provide fertile ground for addressing health-care interventions aimed at preventing, diagnosing, and managing cancer around the world.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Cancer Epidemiology

Mattiuzzi¹,

Lippi²

2019

JEGH

946

523

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“…Since the effectiveness and cure rate of conventional chemotherapy depend on many individual factors, such as genetic and protein expression differences in one patient vs. another, the field of precision and personalized medicine is growing incredibly fast (166). Some of the diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers are currently used in clinical practice of personalized and targeted oncotherapy, such as: tyrosine kinase inhibitors, e.g., Gleevec R (imatinib; Novartis) in ALL patients with BCR-ABL1 gene rearrangements; FLT3 inhibitor Hydrate R (CEP-701, lestaurtinib; Cephalon Inc.) in ALL patients with MLL rearrangements; and purine nucleoside phosphorylase inhibitor Mundesine R (forodesine; Mundipharma AG) in pediatric T-ALL with purine nucleoside phosphorylase mutation (167,168).…”

Section: Biomarkers In Personalized Medicine and Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Resistance Biomarkers and Their Clinical Applications in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

et al. 2020

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Biomarkers are biological molecules found in body fluids or tissues, which can be considered as indications of a normal or abnormal process, or of a condition or disease. There are various types of biomarkers based on their application and molecular alterations. Treatment-sensitivity or drug resistance biomarkers include prognostic and predictive molecules with utmost importance in selecting appropriate treatment protocols and improving survival rates. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most prevalent hematological malignancy diagnosed in children with nearly 80% cure rate. Despite the favorable survival rates of childhood ALL (chALL), resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and, as a consequence, a dismal prognosis develops in a significant number of patients. Therefore, there are urgent needs to have robust, sensitive, and disease-specific molecular prognostic and predictive biomarkers, which could allow better risk classification and then better clinical results. In this article, we review the currently known drug resistance biomarkers, including somatic or germ line nucleic acids, epigenetic alterations, protein expressions and metabolic variations. Moreover, biomarkers with potential clinical applications are discussed.

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“…Afterward, treatment planning is founded on the "one-size-fits-all" method [19][20][21] . These treatment strategies of "one-size-fits-all" are often successful for some patients, maybe 50% or more, but not for each patient [22][23][24][25][26][27] . Moreover, every human being is born with a unique genetic outline, embossed with data that evidenced their health all over their lives, together with their risk for specific diseases and the power of that individual's immune system to battle those ailments 28 .…”

Section: A Few Success Stories Of Precision Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects and Challenges of Precision Medicine in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries: A Brief Overview

Haque

Islam

Sartelli

et al. 2019

Bangladesh J Med Sci

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The trend of NCDs in most LMIC countries is slowly but gradually follows that of in the developed countries. There are four significant diseases reported by WHO, which are equally common, such as CVDs, diabetes, cancer, and chronic respiratory disease that causes widespread early death & morbidity. Indeed, it incurs an overwhelming financial burden to most countries in the world. The rise of drug-resistant microbes is another major problem. To overcome this issue, precision medicine (PM) comes into play whereby individual variability in genes, environment, lifestyle, and nutrition of each person is considered for disease treatment & prevention. PM provides a personalized approach, the right treatment to the right people at the right time. Many wealthy countries in the West have started adopting PM though the initial cost is high, ultimately, in the long run, will reduce the healthcare cost by getting rid of the ineffective treatment strategies. However, the PM in LMICs is still at an early stage due to issues such as lack of populationspecific data, competency, expertise, and poor financial support. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(1) 2020 p.32-47

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The growing role of precision and personalized medicine for cancer treatment

Cited by 330 publications

References 156 publications

Current Cancer Epidemiology

Current Cancer Epidemiology

Drug Resistance Biomarkers and Their Clinical Applications in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Prospects and Challenges of Precision Medicine in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries: A Brief Overview

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