The Ground-Based Absolute Radiometric Calibration of the Landsat 9 Operational Land Imager

Czapla-Myers, Jeffrey S.; Thome, Kurtis J.; Anderson, Nikolaus J.; Leigh, Larry M.; Pinto, Cibele Teixeira; Wenny, Brian N.

doi:10.3390/rs16061101

Remote Sensing

2024

DOI: 10.3390/rs16061101

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The Ground-Based Absolute Radiometric Calibration of the Landsat 9 Operational Land Imager

Jeffrey S. Czapla-Myers,

Kurtis J. Thome,

Nikolaus J. Anderson

et al.

Abstract: This paper presents the initial vicarious radiometric calibration results for Landsat 9 OLI using a combination of ground-based techniques and test sites located in Nevada, California, and South Dakota, USA. The field data collection methods include the traditional reflectance-based approach and the automated Radiometric Calibration Test Site (RadCaTS). The results for top-of-atmosphere spectral radiance show an average ratio (OLI/ground measurements) of 1.03, 1.01, 1.00, 1.02, 1.02, 1.01, 0.98, and 1.01 for L… Show more

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Cited by 2 publications

References 107 publications

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Landsat 9 Transfer to Orbit of Pre-Launch Absolute Calibration of Operational Land Imager (OLI)

Levy,

Miller,

Barsi

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

Self Cite

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Landsat 9 Operational Land Imager (L9-OLI) was launched on 27 September 2021, after completing a successful radiometric pre-launch calibration and characterization phase. The radiometric math model that governs the ground system—the data processing and analysis system (DPAS)—uses various calibration parameters that had been derived based on the pre-launch tests and analysis. During the on-orbit commissioning phase, the OLI system acquired specific sets of data collects, which enabled the revalidation of the pre-launch absolute calibration scale and other associated instrument performance characteristics. The analysis results shown in this paper focus on the activities and results related to the transfer-to-orbit analysis for the SI-traceable pre-launch radiometric scale. Key topics discussed in this paper include: radiance and reflectance calibration parameters for OLI; solar diffuser collects; stimulation-lamp collects; dark response; signal-to-noise ratios; and noise characteristics; radiometric response stability and the on-orbit update to the radiance to reflectance conversion factors. It will be shown that the OLI response during the early on-orbit operation matched pre-launch results and therefore this re-validates the absolute radiometric scaling at the predicted pre-launch level within the expected level of uncertainties. The launch did not cause any significant changes to the OLI system from the perspective of the absolute radiometric calibration performance. Once the transfer to orbit of the absolute calibration was confirmed, it created a solid basis for further on-orbit refinements of the radiance calibration parameters. As such, follow-on calibration refinements are discussed in other articles within this special issue, and they address issues such as uniformity as well as cross-calibration activities.

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Landsat 9 Transfer to Orbit of Pre-Launch Absolute Calibration of Operational Land Imager (OLI)

Levy,

Miller,

Barsi

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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A General On-Orbit Absolute Radiometric Calibration Method Compatible with Multiple Imaging Conditions

Fan,

Jiang,

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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On-orbit absolute radiometric calibration is not only a prerequisite for the quantitative application of optical remote sensing satellite data but also a key step in ensuring the accuracy and reliability of satellite observation data. Due to the diversity of imaging conditions for optical remote sensing satellite sensors, on-orbit absolute radiometric calibration usually requires a large number of imaging tasks and manual labor to calibrate each imaging condition. This seriously limits the timeliness of on-orbit absolute radiometric calibration and is also an urgent problem to be solved in the context of the explosive growth of satellite numbers. Based on this, we propose a general on-orbit absolute radiometric calibration method compatible with multiple imaging conditions. Firstly, we use a large amount of laboratory radiometric calibration data to explore the mathematical relationship between imaging conditions (row transfer time, integration level and gain), radiance, and DN, and successfully build an imaging condition compatibility model. Secondly, we combine the imaging condition compatibility model with cross calibration to achieve a general on-orbit absolute radiometric calibration method. We use cross calibration to obtain the reference radiance and corresponding DN of the target satellites, which calculates the general coefficient by using row transfer time, integration level, and gain, and use the general coefficient to calibrate all imaging conditions. Finally, we use multiple imaging tasks of the JL1GF03D11 satellites to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The experiments show that the average relative difference was reduced to 2.79% and the RMSE was reduced to 1.51, compared with the laboratory radiometric calibration method. In addition, we also verify the generality of the proposed method by using 10 satellites of the Jilin-1 GF03D series. The experiment shows that the goodness of fit of the general coefficient is all greater than 95%, and the average relative difference between the reference radiance and the calibrated radiance of the proposed method is 2.46%, with an RMSE of 1.67. To sum up, by using the proposed method, all imaging conditions of optical remote sensing satellite sensor can be calibrated in one imaging task, which greatly improves the timeliness and accuracy of on-orbit absolute radiometric calibration.

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The Ground-Based Absolute Radiometric Calibration of the Landsat 9 Operational Land Imager

Cited by 2 publications

References 107 publications

Landsat 9 Transfer to Orbit of Pre-Launch Absolute Calibration of Operational Land Imager (OLI)

Landsat 9 Transfer to Orbit of Pre-Launch Absolute Calibration of Operational Land Imager (OLI)

A General On-Orbit Absolute Radiometric Calibration Method Compatible with Multiple Imaging Conditions

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