The grooming analysis algorithm discriminates between different levels of anxiety in rats: potential utility for neurobehavioural stress research

Kalueff, Allan V.; Tuohimaa, Pentti

doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2004.10.001

Cited by 229 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…This result appears to replicate the first grooming analysis algorithm studies (Kalueff & Tuohimaa, 2005a) in which this measure was suggested to be one of the most important in the identification of anxiogenic/anxiolytic effects. The percentage of noncephalocaudal transitions was not affected by prior confinement.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Cues to the usefulness of grooming behavior in the evaluation of anxiety in the elevated plus-maze.

Estanislau¹

2012

Psychology & Neuroscience

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Grooming behavior has been reported to be a response to novelty and other stressors. However, studies that sought to identify anxiety-related measures in the elevated plus-maze have not found grooming as a reliable index. Grooming has been implied with dearousal after a stressful experience. In the present work, a detailed investigation of this behavior was performed in a test with a longer duration (i.e., 10 min) than the usual duration in the elevated plus-maze. The level of anxiety was manipulated prior to the test by confining male rats to environments known to differ in the degree of aversive stimulation, including a familiar cage, a closed arm of the elevated plus-maze, and an open arm (i.e., the most aversive arm) of the elevated plus-maze. Grooming behavior was classified into three constituent elements: rostral grooming, head grooming, and body grooming. The groups were compared with regard to conventional measures of the elevated plus-maze and grooming behavior. Prior confinement to an open arm led to a delayed effect of decreased open-arm exploration undetectable during the first half of the test compared with rats previously confined to a closed arm. Prior confinement to an open arm also increased the total duration of grooming during the second half of the test. These increases were found to be partially attributable to increases in the rostral element of grooming. The percentage of interrupted bouts was also found to discriminate the group previously confined to an open arm. These results indicate that prolongation of the session can reveal effects that are otherwise undetectable and that under such conditions some grooming measures can be useful in the evaluation of anxiety-like behavior.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Cues to the usefulness of grooming behavior in the evaluation of anxiety in the elevated plus-maze.

Estanislau¹

2012

Psychology & Neuroscience

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“…However, self-grooming can be seen as a de-arousing activity which is increased in anxious rats (Spruijt et al 1992;Kalueff and Tuohimaa 2005;Voigt et al 2005). Although the present design did not allow for analysing anxiety-related behaviour in dams, earlier studies demonstrated that offspring from dams previously exposed to a stress-inducing environment will show stronger responses to anxiogenic stimuli (Plotsky and Meaney 1993;Ladd et al 2000;Wei et al 2010;Maccari et al 2014;Barzegar et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

The impact of early postnatal environmental enrichment on maternal care and offspring behaviour following weaning

Lund

Voigt

2016

Behavioural Processes

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“…Doses of CRF which evoked burying behavior also produced robust increases in grooming, in line with previous reports (Diamant et al 1992;). Grooming behavior is highly sensitive to stressful stimuli and has been previously used as an indicator of a stress-like state in rodents (Choleris et al 2001;Kalueff and Tuohimaa 2005;To et al 1999). The attenuation of both stress-and CRF-induced grooming by anxiolytic drugs supports the hypothesis of grooming as an anxiety-associated behavior (Lazosky and Britton 1991;Spruijt et al 1992).…”

Section: Characterization Of Crf-evoked Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Differential blockade of CRF-evoked behaviors by depletion of norepinephrine and serotonin in rats

et al. 2008

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Rationale-Central administration of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) elicits a specific pattern of behavioral responses resembling a stress-like state, and is anxiogenic in rodent models of anxiety.Objectives-Specific behaviors evoked by the administration of CRF were measured. The roles of CRF receptor subtypes and that of serotonergic and noradrenergic systems in mediating these responses were studied.Methods-Burying, grooming and head shakes were quantified in rats following intracerebroventricular administration of CRF and urocortin II and after pretreatment with antagonists. The role of forebrain norepinephrine in the behavioral responses to CRF (0.3 μg) was examined following pretreatment with the neurotoxin DSP-4 and that of serotonin after depletion using systemic administration of para-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA).Results-CRF at 0.3 and 3.0 μg caused robust increases in burying, grooming and head shakes, but urocortin II was ineffective. Pretreatment with either antalarmin or propranolol significantly attenuated the CRF-evoked behaviors. Destruction of forebrain NE pathways blocked spontaneous burying behavior elicited by CRF and conditioned burying directed towards an electrified shock probe. In contrast, depletion of 5-HT selectively attenuated CRF-evoked grooming.Conclusions-Overt behavioral responses produced by CRF, burying, grooming, and head shakes, appeared to be mediated through the CRF 1 receptor. Spontaneous burying behavior evoked by CRF or conditioned burying directed towards a shock probe were disrupted by lesion of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle and may represent anxiety-like behavior caused by CRF activation of the LC. In contrast, CRF-evoked increases in grooming were dependent on serotonin.

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The grooming analysis algorithm discriminates between different levels of anxiety in rats: potential utility for neurobehavioural stress research

Cited by 229 publications

References 55 publications

Cues to the usefulness of grooming behavior in the evaluation of anxiety in the elevated plus-maze.

Cues to the usefulness of grooming behavior in the evaluation of anxiety in the elevated plus-maze.

The impact of early postnatal environmental enrichment on maternal care and offspring behaviour following weaning

Differential blockade of CRF-evoked behaviors by depletion of norepinephrine and serotonin in rats

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