The Greying of Green Governance: Power Politics and the Global Environment Facility

Conservation and conflict: the intensification of property rights disputes under market-based conservation in Chiapas, México

“…Western country donors provide the bulk of GEF funding in four year cycles, known as replenishments, allowing them to influence the direction of policy that became strongly aligned with neoliberal priorities (Ervine 2007). The GEF's voting structure requires a qualified majority consisting of 60 percent of all participating states, in addition to the support of the representatives that provide 60 percent of GEF funding.…”

“…These indicators come from the World Bank's Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA). By responding to donor demands for neoliberal responses to environmental problems that are capable of providing accumulation opportunities at the same time, the GEF has thus been progressively transformed into a "representational mechanism" whereby the political and economic interests of powerful donors, in particular the United States, take precedence over those of the environment and many Southern recipient states (Ervine 2007). …”

“…I have critiqued the GEF's universal blueprint elsewhere (Ervine 2007(Ervine , 2010. Most importantly, having predetermined the causes of and solution to global biodiversity loss, the blueprint constitutes an exclusionary moment in the process of policy elaboration, whereby the necessity to confront the historically-determined and context-specific causes of biodiversity loss from one region to the next is rendered inconsequential.…”

Beyond Free Trade

“…Such work and a parallel literature on 'green grabbing' understand these moves as contemporary enclosures of land/nature. In examining carbon sinks/markets as one manifestation of these grabs, the literature collectively offers a potent demonstration of how socio-environmental change and deterioration becomes a strategic subject of investment for different capital sectors (Ervine 2007, Osuoka 2009, Bond 2012. Thus social movement pursuit of greater justice in the global economy through (partial) decommodification (social embedding) has been incorporated into carbon trading or other market schemes (Fridell 2010).…”

Research Trends in Global Environmental Politics

“…The criticism of Homer-Dixon's research by scholars such as Dan Deudney, Nancy Peluso, Michael Watts, and Simon Dalby,42 and the research by scholars such as Indra de Soysa (for example, ch. 10) who find stronger links between abundance and conflict, seems likely to further discourage future research on For UNEP, see Downie and Levy 2000;andIvanova 2007, 2010;for GEF, see Streck 2001;Ervine 2007;and Mee et al 2008; for the World Bank, see Fox and Brown 1998;Gutner 2002;Babb 2009;Phillips 2009;Park 2010;Gutner ch. 27;and Park ch.…”