The Greenland—Norwegian Sea and Iceland Environment: Geology and Geophysics

Vogt, Peter R.; Perry, R. K.; Feden, Robert H.; Fleming, Henry S.; Cherkis, Norman Z.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-1248-3_11

Cited by 36 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 235 publications

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“…Because of the unknown nature of the basement under Site 913 it is rather difficult to determine paleodepths and depositional environments of these oldest sediments obtained during Leg 151. At this time it seems most likely that the coarse layers are displaced from the nearby continental margin and shelf of East Greenland into the narrow young Greenland Basin, which was fully marine and connected to the world ocean (Vogt et al, 1981).…”

Section: Early Eocene Greenland Basin Depositional Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the middle and late Eocene (approximately 49 to 34 Ma) the Norwegian-Greenland Sea grew into an ocean basin of modest size (Vogt et al, 1981) with open connections to the world ocean. It developed highly fertile water masses, which are documented by rich siliceous microfossil assemblages (radiolarians, silicoflagellates, ebridians and organic-walled dinoflagellates, whereas diatoms seem to occur in relatively modest quantities only).…”

Section: The Paleogene Warm and Fertile Norwegian-greenland Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These components and remains contribute to an understanding of the depositional environment by means of their occurrence and stratigraphic distribution, their state of preservation, and their relationships. The Leg 151 drill sites cover the entire range of depositional environments from preglacial times when the Norwegian-Greenland Sea was a rather small ocean basin filled by temperate to subtropical surface waters (Vogt et al, 1981), until the late Cenozoic, when the Norwegian-Greenland Sea was repeatedly and frequently affected by major glaciation events. Thus, we are able to document almost completely the exciting revolution of a segment of the Northern Hemisphere that is particularly interesting for the habitants of northwestern Europe.…”

Section: Introduction: Scope Of the Paleoceanographic Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Paleoceanographic History of the North Atlantic-Arctic Gateways: Synthesis of the Leg 151 Drilling Results

Thiede¹,

Myhre²

1996

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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During Leg 151, seven locations were drilled in the western Norwegian-Greenland Sea, in Fram Strait, and on the Yermak Plateau. These sites allow us to address the paleoceanographic and climatic history of the surface-and bottom-water masses in high Northern Hemisphere deep-sea basins, of the mode and pattern of water exchange between the Arctic Ocean and the Norwegian-Greenland Sea through Fram Strait, and the Neogene and Quaternary history of glaciation of the surrounding shelves and land regions. A detailed and well-developed pelagic biochronology has been defined for all of the sites, allowing correlation of their stratigraphic record to sedimentary sequences from lower latitudes. Except for a few short-lived interruptions caused by hiatuses, the entire paleoceanographic history from the Eocene, when the Norwegian-Greenland Sea was small and narrow, to the Quaternary can be described.When the Norwegian-Greenland Sea was small and consisted of a sequence of narrow basins, surface water penetrated the area from the North Atlantic Ocean and brought temperate to subtropical siliceous faunas and floras. Only during the latter part of the Oligocene and the early part of the Miocene did cool to temperate water develop. The first signs of marine ice covers or the presence of icebergs developed during the late Miocene, earlier on the Iceland Plateau, later in the northern and eastern part of the investigated region. The influence of the marine ice covers and of the influx of icebergs, first from Greenland and later from northwestern Europe, increased during the course of the Pliocene until it reached an important threshold approximately 3 to 4 Ma off southern Greenland and only 2.6 Ma in Fram Strait and off northwestern Europe. This is interpreted as an increase in the dynamics and growth of the ice caps on either side of the Norwegian-Greenland Sea.In the course of the Pliocene and Quaternary, rapid changes between glacials and interglacials can be observed. Some of the sediment properties reflect Milankovitch frequencies: in the earlier part of the history these were mainly obliquity-related; during the past 600-700 k.y. that were mainly eccentricity-related. A temperate interval in the middle Pliocene interrupted the history of the delivery of ice-rafting even in Fram Strait and coincided well with the development of boreal forests on northeastern Greenland. Site 907 on the central Iceland Plateau received large quantities of volcanic ash related to the volcanism developed on Iceland and potentially also on Jan Mayen. Site 908 on the Hovgàrd Ridge allows us to address the tectonic history of the opening of Fram Strait and of the subsidence of the Hovgárd "microcontinent." The drill sites of the Yermak Plateau are heavily influenced by sediments related to the development of glaciation on Svalbard. Site 910 penetrated a clearly overconsolidated part of the sequence and seems to have been overridden by the Svalbard ice cap, prior to -600 ka.

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Section: Early Eocene Greenland Basin Depositional Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Paleogene Warm and Fertile Norwegian-greenland Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction: Scope Of the Paleoceanographic Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Paleoceanographic History of the North Atlantic-Arctic Gateways: Synthesis of the Leg 151 Drilling Results

Thiede¹,

Myhre²

1996

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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“…The Greenland Sea provides an opportunity to study mantle processes associated with the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) from an early stage to a mature stage of evolution and over its lowest range of spreading rate [Vogt et al, 1981]. It also provides the opportunity to study the dynamic and thermal influence of the Iceland and Jan Mayen plumes on the ridge itself and, of course, the long-standing problem of passive versus active rifting for the opening of this basin [e.g., Mutter…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersion of the Jan Mayen and Iceland mantle plumes in the Arctic: A He‐Pb‐Nd‐Sr isotope tracer study of basalts from the Kolbeinsey, Mohns, and Knipovich Ridges

Schilling¹,

Kingsley²,

Fontignie³

et al. 1999

J. Geophys. Res.

100

153

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“…These two conclusions, together with the studies of the Jurassic kaolinites of northeastern Scotland (Hurst, 1985) and the Jurassic kaolinite paleosol at Andriy, Norway (Dalland, 1975;Sturt, et al, 1979), indicate that conditions favoring ka- olinite formation existed during the Carboniferous and the Ju rassic periods. Kaolinite-rich deposits of these ages are not widespread on land, however, suggesting that most of this material was subse quently removed by erosion, perhaps during Tertiary uplift (Vogt, et al, 1981). The kaolinite, which is the stable end-product of chemical weathering under most natural conditions (Garrels and McKenzie, 1971), was not affected by the subsequent erosional events and has been recycled to present depositional sites throughout the North Sea and the Norwegian-Greenland Sea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bulk Mineralogy of Nonbiogenic Sediments from ODP Sites 642 and 643, Norwegian Sea: Implications for Sediment Provenance and Recycling

Krissek¹

1989

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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Bulk mineralogy of the nonbiogenic fraction of 61 samples from ODP Sites 642 and 643 in the Norwegian-Green land Sea has been determined by X-ray diffraction, using an internal standard method. These data were used to investi gate patterns of sediment provenance (source rock lithology and weathering). Important phases are smectite, chlorite, illite, kaolinite, quartz, and plagioclase feldspar. At both sites, smectite abundances increase downcore, while quartz and illite abundances decrease. Kaolinite, chlorite, and plagioclase feldspar abundances are variable throughout the length of the cores. These compositional changes suggest that moderately-weathered acidic source rocks become more important in younger sediments. The acidic source replaces a basic source that is dominant near the base of each sec tion. Kaolinite was recycled from Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks and paleosols, while variable chlorite abundances record heterogeneity of source lithology and weathering regime on the Scandinavian landmass.By means of principal-components analysis of the mineral abundance data we have identified four major source areas that supplied sediments to these sites. Source area compositions and their relative influences through time are sim ilar to the provenance record interpreted from mineral abundances. A paleoclimatic history inferred from the prove nance record compares favorably with other records interpreted previously from marine micropaleontologic and terres trial palynologic data from this area.

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The Greenland—Norwegian Sea and Iceland Environment: Geology and Geophysics

Cited by 36 publications

References 235 publications

The Paleoceanographic History of the North Atlantic-Arctic Gateways: Synthesis of the Leg 151 Drilling Results

The Paleoceanographic History of the North Atlantic-Arctic Gateways: Synthesis of the Leg 151 Drilling Results

Dispersion of the Jan Mayen and Iceland mantle plumes in the Arctic: A He‐Pb‐Nd‐Sr isotope tracer study of basalts from the Kolbeinsey, Mohns, and Knipovich Ridges

Bulk Mineralogy of Nonbiogenic Sediments from ODP Sites 642 and 643, Norwegian Sea: Implications for Sediment Provenance and Recycling

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