The Great War, the child’s body and the American Red Cross

Kind-Kovács, Friederike

doi:10.1080/13507486.2015.1121971

Cited by 35 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In interwar Transylvania, her name was no longer appealing. In Hungary, the association continued its activity and played an important part in postwar relief and the education of mothers (Kind-Kovács 2016). In Cluj, the trained Hungarian visiting nurses refused to submit to the new Romanian authorities and worked independently (Popoviciu 1925, 38–39).…”

Section: Social Initiatives In the Interwar Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investing in Infants: Child Protection and Nationalism in Transylvania during Dualism and the Interwar Period

Gál

2023

Nationalities Papers

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The high infant mortality rate of illegitimate children in Dualist Hungary urged politicians to create a modern state child welfare system for the protection of abandoned children whose upbringing became a national matter. Their main concern was providing adequate nutrition for infants and increase their chances of survival. The article examines how demographical concerns and national-political ideals influenced the evolution of the child welfare system in multi-ethnic Transylvania, first as part of the dual monarchy and after the First World War as a province of Romania. The Hungarian state children’s asylums offered a variety of nursing programs for abandoned infants, where the foster-care system often resulted in their Magyarization at a later age. During the First World War, the new objective was the protection of infants together with mothers and the promotion of breastfeeding in order to ensure the viability of the Hungarian nation. National arguments were used in both time periods to support infant protection initiatives. In interwar Transylvania, the urban-rural ethnic distribution influenced the development of infant protection facilities: all state investments were channeled toward the “authentic” Romanian countryside, while in the “foreign” urban environment ethnic minorities focused on their own institutions.

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Section: Social Initiatives In the Interwar Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investing in Infants: Child Protection and Nationalism in Transylvania during Dualism and the Interwar Period

Gál

2023

Nationalities Papers

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“…Navigating my "archive"-a vast and disparate set of journalistic reports, medical papers, and humanitarian periodicals and grey literature by organizations such as UNICEF, the Save the Children Fund (SCF), the Red Cross, the U.S. Children's Bureau, the Freedom from Hunger Campaign, and the World Health Organisation-I seek to follow and document the malnourished child as she is constructed, via a range of inscriptive devices, as a figure "in time. " Building on the existing literature on both statistical representations and photographs (Adams, 2016;Dumit & de Laet, 2014;Glasman, 2020;Kind-Kovács, 2016;Turmel, 2008; in this article I focus primarily on two forms of inscription: before-and-after photographs, and images of children being measured. To contextualize this choice, I turn now to a brief discussion of the way time is marked and made visible in late-19 thcentury developmentalist projects to record, monitor, and predict children's growth.…”

Section: Ormentioning

confidence: 99%

Timely Development: Visualizing Childrenâ€™s Growth and Potential

McCarthy¹

2023

J Child. Stud.

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Childrenâ€™s growth has long been measured against the axis of time. Yet anthropometric indexes such as age for height measurements do not simply mark the passage of time and associated growth but themselves indicate â€œnormsâ€ that stand as markers of potential. Charting changing modes of representing the problem of childrenâ€™s growth over the 20th century and into the 21st, this paper attends to visual technologies that distribute potential unevenly around the world, asking what is at stake in making childrenâ€™s growth and development visible, and whose potential is affirmed in the process?

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“…The First World War had reinforced an ongoing transformation of philanthropic methods, such as the secularisation and the consolidation of organisational structures (Curti, 1988; Cabanes, 2004; Paulmann, 2013; Little, 2014; Watenpaugh, 2015; Kind‐Kovács, 2016). A method of ‘organised humanitarianism’ emerged, resembling the management ideas of Taylorism, which it combined with an increasingly transnational orientation (Götz, Brewis, and Werther, 2019).…”

Section: The Russian Famine 1921–23 and Humanitarian Aidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Help yourself by helping others: self‐interest in appeals for Russian famine relief, 1921–23

Werther

2022

Disasters

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The hypothesis of psychological egoism is a commonplace in disciplines like economics, psychology, and biology. As an explanatory model it includes prosocial behaviour such as providing aid for distant strangers. But the inclusion of self‐interest in humanitarian appeals can prove difficult because the moral economy of charitable work is regulated by different standards than the liberal market economy. This paper analyses the use of self‐interest in appeals for humanitarian aid during the Russian famine of 1921–23 through the lens of modern philanthropic studies, while simultaneously assessing theories of philanthropic behaviour from a historical perspective. It points out the need for the systematic inclusion of historical experience in philanthropic research and concludes that the specific conditions surrounding the international campaign favoured the widespread use of appeals to donors' self‐interest. An ideal–typical categorisation of such appeals into four groups—national, economic, group‐specific, and psychological—is proposed as an analytical tool for similar studies.

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The Great War, the child’s body and the American Red Cross

Cited by 35 publications

References 36 publications

Investing in Infants: Child Protection and Nationalism in Transylvania during Dualism and the Interwar Period

Investing in Infants: Child Protection and Nationalism in Transylvania during Dualism and the Interwar Period

Timely Development: Visualizing Childrenâ€™s Growth and Potential

Help yourself by helping others: self‐interest in appeals for Russian famine relief, 1921–23

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