The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event: Reviewing two decades of research on diversity's big bang illustrated by mainly brachiopod data

Harper, David A. T.; Zhan, Renbin; Jin, Jisuo

doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2015.03.003

Cited by 75 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…It has been suggested on numerous occasions that the Ordovician Radiation was rooted in the Cambrian and is an extension of the Cambrian Explosion (Harper , ; Harper et al . ). It appears that not only were the majority of body plans established before diversifications at lower taxonomic levels took place (Harper , ; Harper et al .…”

Section: Cambrian‐ordovician Comparisons and The Ecospace Flat Ironmentioning

confidence: 97%

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The dawn of a dynasty: life strategies of Cambrian and Ordovician brachiopods

Topper

Zhang

Gutiérrez-Marco

et al. 2018

LET

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Brachiopods are among the first animal phyla to emerge from the Cambrian Explosion, rapidly diversifying to all major palaeocontinental blocks within 20 million years. The group underwent another steep rise in diversity during the Ordovician, and their relative abundance and diversity made them one of the most successful invertebrate groups during the entire Palaeozoic. During this time, brachiopods lived in a range of environments and represented a significant component of marine ecosystems, yet information regarding their modes of life and ecology is somewhat limited. Recent studies, primarily from the Chengjiang and Burgess Shale Lagerstätten, have revealed that by the Middle Cambrian (Series 3, Stage 5) brachiopods from across the phylum had already developed a range of ecological strategies and life modes. Cambrian brachiopods occupied distinct trophic niches on soft and hard substrates and exhibited at least five types of lifestyles: pedicle attachment, pedicle anchoring, cemented, free‐lying and semi‐infaunal. Comparisons with Ordovician benthic assemblages show that despite the explosion of brachiopod taxa witnessed in the Ordovician, with the exception of the appearance of burrowing brachiopods, life strategies of brachiopods remained largely the same. Indicating that the majority of life modes observed in brachiopods had rapidly evolved and was already in place prior to the Great Ordovician Biodiversity Event.

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Section: Cambrian‐ordovician Comparisons and The Ecospace Flat Ironmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…It appears that not only were the majority of body plans established before diversifications at lower taxonomic levels took place (Harper , ; Harper et al . ), but also life strategies, at least in the Brachiopoda (Figs , ).…”

Section: Cambrian‐ordovician Comparisons and The Ecospace Flat Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dawn of a dynasty: life strategies of Cambrian and Ordovician brachiopods

Topper

Zhang

Gutiérrez-Marco

et al. 2018

LET

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“…The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE) was a global increase in the ecological complexity and diversity of skeletal fossils at the generic, familial and ordinal levels during the Ordovician Period (Sepkoski 1981(Sepkoski , 1995Harper 2006;Servais et al 2010;Harper et al 2015). Groups typical of the later Palaeozoic (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…rhynchonelliform brachiopods, bryozoans, crinoids, corals) flourished, whereas typical Cambrian groups seemingly declined (e.g. Sepkoski & Sheehan 1983;Harper et al 2015). Although many groups began to diversify during the Floian (Servais et al 2010), the spatial and temporal patterns of the GOBE differed markedly for different organisms; for example, phytoplankton diversification appears to have begun during the late Cambrian (Servais et al 2016), but corals did not diversify until the Late Ordovician (Webby et al 2004a).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although many groups began to diversify during the Floian (Servais et al 2010), the spatial and temporal patterns of the GOBE differed markedly for different organisms; for example, phytoplankton diversification appears to have begun during the late Cambrian (Servais et al 2016), but corals did not diversify until the Late Ordovician (Webby et al 2004a). Most groups show several peaks of diversification at different times; for example, during the early Floian, Darriwilian and late Katian for brachiopods, but during the early Sandbian, early Katian and late Katian for trilobites (Harper et al 2015). Diversification patterns for some groups, such as brachiopods (Zhan & Harper 2006) and chitinozoans (Achab & Paris 2007), were different on different palaeocontinents.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Survival of Burgess Shale-type animals in a Middle Ordovician deep-water setting

Hearing

Legg

Botting

et al. 2016

JGS

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Exceptional preservation of non-biomineralized arthropods, sponges and vermiform taxa occurs in the Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) Llanfallteg Formation of South Wales, UK. The assemblage contains elements typical of Ordovician communities juxtaposed with those more commonly associated with Cambrian Konservat-Lagerstätten. This assemblage is preserved in rocks of a deep-marine succession dominated by fine-grained siliciclastic and volcaniclastic density-current deposits. Non-biomineralized taxa of Cambrian aspect are preserved as pyritized carbonaceous compressions on the spectrum of Burgess Shale-type preservation. Trilobites with phosphatized digestive structures have also been recovered. The assemblage of the Llanfallteg Formation Konservat-Lagerstätte demonstrates that some Burgess Shale-type faunal elements survived into the Middle Ordovician within cool, deep-water refugia in the Welsh Basin, offshore from communities dominated by typical Ordovician taxa.Supplementary material: Assemblage composition data and sedimentological images can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/ m9.figshare.c.2182218.

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Finite Element Analysis as a Method to Study Molluscan Shell Mechanics

Lemanis

Zlotnikov

2017

Adv Eng Mater

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The clade Mollusca is a highly diverse and disparate group of terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates, the taxon containing over 100 000 known species including some of the most intelligent invertebrate animals. Their shells are exemplar systems in the study of biomechanics, biomineralization, and biomimetics. Research into understanding the superior biomechanical properties of the shell and how these properties relate to the animals ecology have required a diverse range of methods at multiple length scales; one particularly powerful method is finite element analysis. Finite element analysis is a robust engineering method that has a long-standing history in biomechanical research. This review summarizes the application of finite element analysis in the study of both the mechanical properties of different molluscan shell ultrastructures as well as macro-scale modeling of the shell. From the calculation of elastic constants to the origins of the strength of nacre and the relationship between shell folding and ecology, this article provides a window into how finite element analysis can further our understanding of mechanics and functional morphology.

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The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event: Reviewing two decades of research on diversity's big bang illustrated by mainly brachiopod data

Cited by 75 publications

References 63 publications

The dawn of a dynasty: life strategies of Cambrian and Ordovician brachiopods

The dawn of a dynasty: life strategies of Cambrian and Ordovician brachiopods

Survival of Burgess Shale-type animals in a Middle Ordovician deep-water setting

Finite Element Analysis as a Method to Study Molluscan Shell Mechanics

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