“…Recent English language scholarship on Japan's nature-induced disaster history focus primarily on earthquakes (Bates, 2015;Borland, 2005Borland, , 2006Borland, , 2009Borland, , 2016Borland, , 2020Orihara and Clancey, 2012;Schencking, 2013;Smits, 2013). Many of these excellent analyses examine large seismic events in metropolitan Edo/Tokyo, such as the 1855 Ansei and 1923 Great Kant o, which devastated the densely populated region.…”