The Great Irish Famine

Kinealy, Christine

doi:10.1007/978-0-230-80247-6

Cited by 51 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Overall, many aspects indicate that a great majority of the Irish living in 1740-1741 only had a very short-term and (at best) fragmentary memory of previous famines caused by climatic extremes. This clearly contrasts the situation after the "Great Famine" of 1845-1852 (Kinealy, 2006).…”

Section: S Engler Et Al: the Irish Famine Of 1740-1741: Famine Vulnmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Yet, they have left little or no traces in the narratives of national historiographies -with the exception of Ireland. The "Great Famine" that struck the country in 1845-1852 (Kinealy, 2006) has been given such an outstanding role in Irish national history that it is generally accepted as a caesura between two distinct periods of Irish history, "pre-famine Ireland" and "post-famine Ireland". However, the term "pre-famine Ireland" does not at all imply that Ireland was a country without famines prior to the nineteenth century.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Irish famine of 1740–1741: famine vulnerability and "climate migration"

et al. 2013

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Abstract. The "Great Frost" of 1740 was one of the coldest winters of the eighteenth century and impacted many countries all over Europe. The years 1740–1741 have long been known as a period of general crisis caused by harvest failures, high prices for staple foods, and excess mortality. Vulnerabilities, coping capacities and adaptation processes varied considerably among different countries. This paper investigates the famine of 1740–1741 in Ireland applying a multi-indicator model developed specifically for the integration of an analysis of pre-famine vulnerability, the Famine Vulnerability Analysis Model (FVAM). Our focus is on Ireland, because famine has played a more outstanding role in Irish national history than in any other European country, due to the "Great Famine" of 1845–1852 and its long-term demographic effects. Our analysis shows that Ireland was already particularly vulnerable to famine in the first half of the eighteenth century. During and after the experience of hardship in 1740–1741, many Irish moved within Ireland or left the country entirely. We regard migration as a form of adaptation and argue that Irish migration in 1740–1741 should be considered as a case of climate-induced migration.

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Section: S Engler Et Al: the Irish Famine Of 1740-1741: Famine Vulnmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Irish famine of 1740–1741: famine vulnerability and "climate migration"

et al. 2013

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“…In Ireland, Catholics and Anglicans worked side by side to relieve the population from the scourges of the famine. 92 Italian civil society, divided in matters of politics and religion and separated by societal barriers and state borders, for once was united towards the same goal. While drops in the ocean, the sums raised contributed to diminishing suffering and saving lives.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agents of altruism: the Great Irish Famine and Italian civil society (1847)

Zavatti

2020

European Review of History: Revue européenne d'histoire

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This article analyses the participation of individuals, networks and international organizations in transnational fundraising aimed at providing humanitarian relief aid. Focusing on fundraising campaigns organized in the Italian states in favour of Ireland in 1847, when the Great Famine scourged its population the most, the article highlights the agency of the fundraisers in setting in motion an economy of altruism that transcended groups' boundaries and state borders. The activism and networking of a few well-established individuals in Rome were pivotal in mobilizing the lay and religious elites at a local level. In January and February 1847, the elites of the Italian capitals collected copious sums within private events and initiatives directed at their peers, while the Christian faiths present in Rome organized the first alms collections. This wave of altruism succeeded in setting humanitarian relief for Ireland as one of the goals of the global Catholic Church. In March, Pope Pius IX issued the Encyclical Praedecessores Nostros, appealing for Catholics to donate in favour of Ireland, and thereby generating much local fundraising, mainly in the Italian states and Southern Europe, until the early months of 1848. The Catholic clergy served the cause, raising money locally and taking charge of its delivery to Ireland, with partial coordination from Rome. Although implementing a transnational fundraising campaign involved obstacles of a political, logistical and financial nature, the alms collection raised in the Catholic churches aggregated many small donations over a considerable time span, providing more than double the amount raised in the lay initiatives organized by the elites of the Italian states. The article, based on unedited archival sources from the Italian, Vatican and Irish archives, shows how the charitable fundraisers overcame the obstacles imposed by state politics, international conflicts and transaction costs over the transnational circulation of ideas, initiatives and capitals.

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“…Nonetheless, she also declared: 'The main incentive for landlords to evict tenants was to avoid liability for the full amount of poor rate which was on all holdings valued at under £4'. 74 In 1997, however, she described the Gregory clause as 'the most controversial and callous aspect' of the poor law act, reprinted from O'Rourke the supposed words of Gregory of 1847 that 'he did not see of what use such small farmers could possibly be' and then quoted O'Rourke's remark about the clause that 'a more complete engine for the slaughter and expatriation of a people was never designed'. 75 The early years of the twenty-first century saw the publication of several works by the writer Colm Tóibín which discussed William Gregory.…”

Section: IVmentioning

confidence: 99%

Villain, victim or prophet?: William Gregory and the Great Famine

Walker

2013

Ir. Hist. Stud.

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The name of Sir William Gregory features in most modern accounts of Ireland in the nineteenth century. It is fair to say, however, that usually he is regarded as a ‘villain’. Gregory is very widely known as the author of a piece of legislation introduced as part of relief measures during the Famine which sought to limit aid to those with a quarter acre or under of land and which became known as the Gregory clause or the quarter acre clause. An article in the New York Times on 16 July 2002 about the dedication of an Irish famine memorial in New York described the 5 million-dollar monument as follows: ‘The quarter-acre size of the monument adheres to the infamous Gregory clause passed by the British parliament in 1847, which decreed that cottiers whose plots exceeded that size would not be eligible for relief. The cottage is roofless because many farmers tore the thatches off their homes to prove destitution and qualify for relief.’ Most modern academic accounts of the Famine have been very critical of Gregory. It is widely accepted that the purpose of the Gregory clause was to assist landlords to clear their estates of pauperised smallholders who were paying little or no rent. This measure has been seen by some as leading to mass evictions and causing the clearance of many small farmers and labourers throughout Ireland.

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The Great Irish Famine

Cited by 51 publications

References 0 publications

The Irish famine of 1740–1741: famine vulnerability and "climate migration"

The Irish famine of 1740–1741: famine vulnerability and "climate migration"

Agents of altruism: the Great Irish Famine and Italian civil society (1847)

Villain, victim or prophet?: William Gregory and the Great Famine

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The Great Irish Famine

Cited by 51 publications

References 0 publications

The Irish famine of 1740–1741: famine vulnerability and &quot;climate migration&quot;

The Irish famine of 1740–1741: famine vulnerability and &quot;climate migration&quot;

Agents of altruism: the Great Irish Famine and Italian civil society (1847)

Villain, victim or prophet?: William Gregory and the Great Famine

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The Irish famine of 1740–1741: famine vulnerability and "climate migration"

The Irish famine of 1740–1741: famine vulnerability and "climate migration"