The Great Bengal Famine

Padmanabhan, S. Y.

doi:10.1146/annurev.py.11.090173.000303

Cited by 174 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Historically, severe epidemics led to serious food shortages due to diseases. The Bengal famine in 1942 was, in part, attributed to brown spot of rice disease (Padmanabhan, 1973). Bacterial leaf blight and neck blast are chronic diseases both in T. Aman and Boro season in Bangladesh while severity of sheath blight has been higher in T. Aman season.…”

Section: Options To Maintain the Momentum: Smart Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice Vision for Bangladesh: 2050 and Beyond

et al. 2016

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Combined efforts of farmers, rice scientists, extension personnel and Government of Bangladesh have yielded clean rice growth rate of 0.34 million ton (MT) year -1 during 2009-10 to 2013-14 in the country. In 2014-15, the country acquired a rice surplus of about 2 MT. However, maintaining the current surplus of rice in the coming decades is a great challenge. Authentic estimation of future rice requirement and future resource availability would guide to way forward. This paper presents rice vision for Bangladesh leading to 2050 and beyond. In this study, secondary data from different government-owned statistics and research institutes were collected, analyzed and synthesized to develop models and/or model parameters to generate outputs such as future population, rice production and rice requirement. Population of Bangladesh will reach 215.4 million in 2050, when 44.6 MT of clean rice will be required. With the pace of rice-production-increase in the last five years, production can reach 47.2 MT, having a surplus of 2.6 MT in 2050. The study sets 2.6 MT as the target for clean rice surplus every year leading to 2050 and beyond. Several hurdles, such as increasing population, decreasing resources and increasing climate vulnerability, can hinder achieving the target. Three major interventions-accelerating genetic gain, minimizing yield gap and curtailing adoption lag-are proposed to break the barriers to achieve the target. Major challenges to implement the interventions include shrinking net cropped area, decreasing availability of irrigation water and increasing pressure on soil fertility. Smart technology such as, location specific variety, profitable cropping sequences, innovative cultural management, and mechanization coupled with smart dissemination using multiple means would ease production barriers. We recommend a number of measures, such as, guaranteeing a minimum cropped area, accelerating the rate of genetic gain in varietal development and intensifying collaboration among the stakeholders to reduce adoption lag of newly released promising rice varieties, to achieve the rice vision of Bangladesh leading to 2050 and beyond.

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Section: Options To Maintain the Momentum: Smart Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice Vision for Bangladesh: 2050 and Beyond

et al. 2016

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“…Among the diseases, brown spot (Bipolaris oryzae) and narrow brown spot (Cercospora oryzae) cause substantial loss to rice both in quality and quantity in the present ecosystem in Bangladesh. Rice is suffering from brown spot disease to a great extent and caused Bengal famine in 1943 (Padamanabhan, 1973). Brown spot caused an estimated loss of 4.58-29% in grain weight and 11.0-37.3% reduction in germination of rice in Panjab (Bedi et al, 1960).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fermented tea extract in controlling brown spot and narrow brown spot of rice

Sultana¹,

Mondal²,

Hossain³

et al. 2018

Bangladesh J. Agric. Res

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Compost tea, Tilt 250 EC and Bavistin 50 WP were evaluated for controlling brown spot and narrow brown spot diseases of rice in the field laboratory of the Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from July to December, 2011. Significant effect of different treatments was observed on the severity of brown spot and narrow brown spot of rice as compared to control. The results evidently showed the lowest brown spot severity in T4 (Tilt 250 EC applied as foliar spray) which was statistically similar to T3 (Compost tea as soil drenching) while the highest severity was recorded in untreated control plot at booting and ripening stage. But narrow brown spot severity was lowest in T4 (Tilt 250 EC as foliar spray) which was similar to T5 (Tilt 250 EC as soil drenching), T6 (Bavistin 50 WP as foliar spray) and highest severity was found in T2 (Compost tea as foliar spray) which was statistically similar to T1 (control), T3 (Compost tea as soil drenching), T7 (Bavistin 50 WP as soil drenching) at booting stage. But at ripening stage the highest severity was found in T1 (control) and the lowest severity was found in T4 (Tilt 250 EC as foliar spray) which was statistically similar to T5 (Tilt 250 EC as soil drenching). However, soil drenching and foliar application of compost tea performed better as compared to control in reducing the severity of brown spot. But compost tea as foliar spray increased the narrow brown spot disease. Significant effect of the treatments was observed on growth and yield contributing characters except panicle length. Foliar and soil application of Tilt and soil application of compost tea showed better performance in increasing growth and yield contributing characters as compared to all other treatments.

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“…In particular, the history of food security illustrates that even during the world's worst famines, the poorest tend to suffer in silence and rarely (if ever) protest the system that is causing their starvation. For example, there were no reports of food riots in 1943 as 7 million Bengalis and Burmese refugees died due to starvation [19]. Similarly, in studies on Ethiopia, which has been plagued with repeated famine episodes [20], we have been unable to uncover evidence of food riots (defined in this paper as any form of civil-strife, demonstration or protest against the government or food merchants, that is catalyzed by discontent about the inaccessibility of food).…”

Section: Theory/literaturementioning

confidence: 74%

Do Dietary Changes Increase the Propensity of Food Riots? An Exploratory Study of Changing Consumption Patterns and the Inclination to Engage in Food-Related Protests

Legwegoh

Fraser

et al. 2015

Sustainability

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Abstract:Following widespread food riots in 2008, many people argued that high food prices cause political instability and civil unrest in the form of food riots. However, subsequent research has demonstrated that political, cultural, and economic factors confound the impact of price in determining whether a food riot occurs. This paper contributes to this growing body of literature by exploring: (1) the relationship between household demographic characteristics and reported intent to riot due to future food price rises; and (2) the relationships between people's diets and their reported intent to riot due to future food price rises. We hypothesize that local context, including demographic factors and dietary patterns, combine to predispose some groups of people to riot when food prices rise. This hypothesis is tested using household surveys (N = 300) and three focus groups discussions (N = 65) carried out in three cities in the Central African nation of Cameroon that experienced widespread food riots in 2008. Results show that some 70% of the respondents would riot if food prices went up. Also, in the event of food price rises: (1) households in Cameroon's major cities are more likely to riot than the citizens of smaller cities; (2) Households with relatively higher educational level, high incomes, are less likely to riot. Finally, the OPEN ACCESSSustainability 2015, 7 14113 relationship between dietary patterns and propensity to riot is not straightforward as changes in consumption of different food groups influence propensity to riot in different ways. Overall, this paper demonstrates that preemptive strategies designed to avoid future food riots in Cameroon must take into consideration these spatial, demographic, and dietary factors.

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The Great Bengal Famine

Cited by 174 publications

References 3 publications

Rice Vision for Bangladesh: 2050 and Beyond

Rice Vision for Bangladesh: 2050 and Beyond

Effect of fermented tea extract in controlling brown spot and narrow brown spot of rice

Do Dietary Changes Increase the Propensity of Food Riots? An Exploratory Study of Changing Consumption Patterns and the Inclination to Engage in Food-Related Protests

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