The grape seed extract: a natural antimicrobial agent against different pathogens

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms is presently known as a global challenge. An effective alternative is critical to guarantee an operative paradigm shift in the epidemic of resistance. The antimicrobial effects of grape seed extract (GSE) have been reported against a broad range of microbes. This study is an updated overview of the antimicrobial effect of GSE against different pathogens. The available reports from various studies retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases regarding the antimicrobial effect of GSE was evaluated. The GSE is rich sources of phenolic compounds. GSE can inhibit the growth of a broad spectrum of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria depended on its concentrations, phenolic content, and tested bacterial species. The GSE is more effective against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria. It has also been shown to have inhibitory effects against several clinically important viruses and fungi. The antibiofilm effect of GSE also has been described in some studies. The significant side effects of GSE have not reported and it is almost safe. GSE may be a promising source for new generations of antimicrobial agents in the food industry and clinical setting.

Incorporation of grape seed extract towards wound care product development

“…Global grape production is estimated to be about 75 million metric tons per year (Rajabi Hamedani et al 2019). Considering the low cost to collect and process the grape seeds in addition to its reported therapeutic phyto-composition that aids cardio protective (Zhang et al 2016), anti-inflammatory (Lin et al 2017), anticancer (Kumar et al 2018;Di Meo et al 2019), anti-microbial (Fiallos et al 2020;Memar et al 2019;Al-Mousawi et al 2020), anti-oxidant (Kwatra 2020), antiviral (Kwatra 2020), neuroprotective (Zhao et al 2020), hepatoprotective (Nassiri-Asl and Hosseinzadeh, 2016), and wound-healing properties (Moalla Rekik et al 2016), it is currently gaining attention for therapeutic use in pharmaceutical industries (Rodríguez-Pérez et al 2019). Extracts obtained from grape seed contains large quantities of monomeric phenolic compounds such as (−)-epicatechin, (+)-catechins, and (−)-epicatechin-3-o-gallate and dimeric, trimeric, and tetrameric proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins) (Mohammed et al 2016).…”

Antimicrobial efficacy of grape seed extract in terminating the ramifications of plaque microorganisms: a randomized control study

“…At the concentration of 2000 mg/ml, GSE shows the best antibiofilm activity against multispecies biofilm producer (including P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Actinomyces viscosus). Higher concentrations of GSE led to a fall of its effectiveness, principally caused by its poor dissolution in water [14]. Therefore we have considered preparing a GSE mouthwash of 2% in our study.…”

The Antimicrobial Activities of Silver Nanoparticles from Aqueous Extract of Grape Seeds against Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi

“…Grape seed extract (GSE) is rich in polyphenolic compounds and secondary metabolites, which have significant antimicrobial activities against different pathogens, such as Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria [ 4 ]. The effectiveness of GSE inhibition depends on the concentration of the extract, percentage of phenols, and the type of bacterium [ 5 ].…”